Ua ʻike ʻia nā hawewe huna o loko o ka moana i ke ʻano o nā mea olaola hohonu. He ʻokoʻa ka nalu o ka ʻili, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā nalu o loko ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka wela ma nā papa o ke kolamu wai a kōkua i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā plankton i lalo o ke kai e kākoʻo ai i nā holoholona benthonic. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ma Whittard Canyon e pili ana ke ʻano hydrodynamic kūloko e pili ana i nā nalu kūloko i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka biodiversity.
Nā mea ola i loko o ka wai 'ia ʻo ka plankton a i ʻole nekton a i ʻole benthos e pili ana i ko lākou wahi i loko o ka kaiaola. Hiki i nā Plankton nā mea kanu (phytoplankton) a i ʻole nā holoholona (zooplankton) a ʻo ka ʻauʻau maʻamau (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke au) a i ʻole e lana ana i loko o ke kolamu wai. Hiki i nā Plankton ke microscopic a i ʻole ka nui e like me ka mauu e lana ana a me ka iʻa. ʻO nā nekton e like me nā iʻa, nā heʻe a i ʻole nā momona, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ʻauʻau ʻana ma mua o ke au. Benthos ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻauʻau koʻa, a noho maʻamau ma lalo a i ʻole i lalo o ke kai i hoʻopili ʻia a neʻe wale paha. ʻO nā holoholona e like me ka iʻa palahalaha, ka heʻe, ka iʻa ʻili, ka nui o nā kukuna e noho ma lalo akā hiki ke ʻauʻau a puni i laila i kapa ʻia ʻo nektobenthos.
ʻO nā holoholona moana, nā polyps koʻa, he benthos e noho ana ma ka papahele o ke kai. He mau invertebrates lākou no ka phylum Cnidaria. Hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili, huna lākou i ka calcium carbonate e hana i kahi iwi paʻakikī a lilo i ke ʻano o nā hale nui i kapa ʻia ʻo nā koʻa. Noho maʻamau nā ʻākoʻa wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole ma nā wai pāpaʻu kahi e loaʻa ai ka lā. Pono lākou i nā algae e ulu ana i loko o lākou e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka oxygen a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole like me lākou, koʻa wai hohonu (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo nā ʻākoʻa wai anuanu) aia ma nā wahi hohonu a ʻeleʻele o ka moana mai kahi kokoke i ka ʻili a hiki i ka hohonu, ma mua o 2,000 mika kahi e hiki ai ke anuanu o ka wai e like me 4 °C. ʻAʻole pono kēia mau mea i ka limu e ola ai.
ʻElua ʻano o nā nalu moana - nā nalu ʻili (ma ke kikowaena o ka wai a me ka ea) a nā nalu o loko (ma ke kikowaena ma waena o ʻelua papa wai o ka ʻokoʻa like ʻole i loko). ʻIke ʻia nā nalu o loko ke loaʻa i ke kino wai nā papa o nā ʻano like ʻole ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana a i ʻole ka paʻakai. I ke kai ke kaiaola, hāʻawi nā nalu o loko i nā meaʻai meaʻai i nā wai ili e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka phytoplankton, a kōkua pū i ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai i nā holoholona kai hohonu.
ʻIke ʻia ka pili ʻana o ka moana kikino i nā ʻano fauna o ke kai hohonu nā meaola likeʻole. I loko o kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohui nā mea noiʻi i nā ʻikepili o ka moana moana me nā ʻikepili acoustic a me nā biological e hana i nā wānana, ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā proxies no nā ʻano hoʻololi o ke kaiapuni, no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koʻa wai hohonu a me nā ʻano megafaunal ma Whittard Canyon, North-East Atlantic. ʻO ka manaʻo e ʻimi i nā ʻano hoʻololi kaiapuni e wānana maikaʻi i nā ʻano fauna ma nā canyons. Ua makemake pū lākou e ʻike inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻikepili moana i ka hiki ke wānana i ka hoʻohele fauna. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano hydrodynamic kūloko e pili ana i nā nalu o loko me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea olaola. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana o ka wānana wānana me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻikepili moana.
Hiki i kēia noiʻi ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano fauna i loko o ka kaiaola wai hohonu e kōkua ai i nā hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokele kaiaola.
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Sources:
1. National Oceanography Center 2020. Nūhou – ʻOkoʻa kai hohonu a me nā ʻākoʻa i hoʻopili ʻia e nā nalu 'huna' i loko o ke kai. Hoʻopuka ʻia 14 Mei 2020. Loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma https://noc.ac.uk/news/deep-sea-biodiversity-coral-reefs-influenced-hidden-waves-within-ocean Loaʻa i ka 15 Mei 2020.
2. Pearman TRR., Robert K., et al 2020. Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke wānana o nā ʻano hoʻohālike hoʻohele ʻano benthic ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻikepili moana - Toward holistic ecological modeling of a submarine canyon. Holomua i ka Oceanography Volume 184, Mei 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102338
3. ESA Earth Online 2000 -2020. Na nalu loko moana. Loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/esa-operational-eo-missions/ers/instruments/sar/applications/tropical/-/asset_publisher/tZ7pAG6SCnM8/content/oceanic-internal-waves Loaʻa i ka 15 Mei 2020.
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