Ua ʻike a hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi i kahi enzyme e hiki ke ʻeli a ʻai i kekahi o kā mākou mea haumia maʻamau Ka lula ea Ke hāʻawi i ka manaʻolana no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hakakā ka popilikia
Hoʻohauna Ka lula ea Ke ʻo ia ka paʻakikī kaiapuni nui loa ma ke ʻano o ka plastic ka popilikia a ʻo ka hoʻonā maikaʻi loa i kēia pilikia e mau ana ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka hapa nui Ka lula ea Ke hana ʻia mai ka ʻaila a i ʻole ke kinoea maoli he mau kumuwaiwai hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i unuhi ʻia a hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana ikaika. No laila, ʻo kā lākou hana ʻana a me kā lākou hana ʻana iho he mea luku loa ia no nā kaiaola palupalu. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka plastic (ka hapa nui ma ka incineration) ke kumu o ka ea, ka wai a pae ʻāina ka popilikia. Ma kahi o 79 pākēneka o ka palaka i hana ʻia i nā makahiki he 70 i hala iho nei ua hoʻolei ʻia, a i loko o nā kahua hoʻopaʻa ʻāina a i ʻole i loko o ke kaiapuni ākea aʻo ka ʻeiwa pākēneka wale nō i hana hou ʻia me ke koena i puhi ʻia. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana o ka puhi ahi e hōʻike ana i nā limahana palupalu i nā kemika ʻawaʻawa e komo pū ana me nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi kanesa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he 51 trillion microplastic particles ka moana a ke hoʻopau mālie nei ke ola moana. Puhi ʻia kekahi o nā microparticles plastik i ka ea e alakaʻi ana i ka popilikia a he manaʻo maoli paha mākou e hanu ana iā lākou. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke wānana i ka makahiki 1960 e lilo ana ka hiki ʻana mai a me ka kaulana o nā plastics i kekahi lā i mea kaumaha me nā ʻōpala plastik nui i ʻike ʻia e lana ana i loko o ko mākou moana nani, ea a hoʻolei ʻia i ko mākou ʻāina makamae.
lula ea ʻO ka packaging ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa a me ka hoʻohana ʻino loa i nā plastics. Akā ʻo ka pilikia, aia ka ʻeke plastik ma nā wahi āpau, hoʻohana ʻia no kēlā me kēia kumu liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe mana o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻAʻole biodegrade kēia ʻano plastic synthetic, akā noho wale a hōʻiliʻili i nā pae ʻāina a kōkua i ke kaiapuni. ka popilikia. Ua loaʻa nā hana no ka "pale plastik piha", ʻoi aku ka polystyrene i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻeke. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i nā hopena i makemake ʻia no ka mea e mau ana ka plastic ma nā ʻāina a pau, ka ea a me ka wai a ke ulu mau nei. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka plastic i ka maka ʻōlohelohe i nā manawa a pau akā aia ma nā wahi āpau! He mea pōʻino ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana hou a hoʻopau i ka pilikia.
Ma kahi papahana i paʻiʻia Nā hana o ka National Academy of Sciences USA, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i kahi mea kūlohelohe i ʻike ʻia enzyme e ai ana i ka palaka. He mea kūpono kēia i ka wā e nānā ana lākou i ke ʻano o kahi enzyme i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpala i mākaukau e hele no ka hana hou ʻana ma kahi kikowaena ma Iapana. ʻO kēia enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, hiki iā ia ke "ʻai" a i ʻole "hānai ʻia" patented plastic PET a i ʻole polyethylene terephthalate i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā miliona o nā ʻōmole plastik. ʻAe ʻia ka enzyme e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka plastic i ko lākou kumu meaʻai. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoponopono hou i kēia manawa no ka PET a ʻo nā ʻōmole plastik i hana ʻia me PET e hoʻomau nei no nā haneli mau makahiki i ke kaiapuni. ʻO kēia haʻawina i alakaʻi ʻia e nā hui ma ke Kulanui o Portsmouth a me ka United States Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ua hoʻopuka i ka manaʻolana nui.
ʻO ka pahuhopu mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano aniani ʻekolu-dimensional o kēia enzyme kūlohelohe (i kapa ʻia ʻo PETase) a hoʻohana i kēia ʻike e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kēia enzyme. Ua hoʻohana lākou i ke kukui ikaika o nā kukui X - he 10 biliona manawa ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o ka lā - e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ʻano a ʻike i nā ʻātoma pākahi. Hiki i ia mau kukuna ikaika ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o loko o ka enzyme a hāʻawi i nā kiʻi hoʻolālā kūpono e hiki ai ke ʻenekinia wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā enzyme. Ua hōʻike ʻia he ʻano like loa ka PETase me kahi enzyme ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo cutinase koe wale nō ʻo PETase kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā a me kahi pūnaewele ʻoi aku ka "wehe", i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā polymers i hana ʻia e ke kanaka (ma kahi o nā mea kūlohelohe). Ua hōʻike koke ʻia kēia mau ʻokoʻa e hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia ka PETase i loko o kahi kaiapuni i loaʻa iā PET a no laila hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka PET. Ua hoʻololi lākou i ka pūnaewele hana PETase i mea e like me ka cutinase. ʻO ka mea i ukali ʻia he hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, hiki i ka mutant PETase ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka PET ma mua o ka PETase maoli. No laila, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki o ka enzyme kūlohelohe, ua hoʻopau nā mea noiʻi i ka hana ʻino i kahi enzyme hou i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka enzyme kūlohelohe i ka wāwahi ʻana i ka PET. Ka lula ea Ke. Hiki i kēia enzyme ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka polyethylene furandicarboxylate, a i ʻole PEF, kahi mea pani bio-based no nā plastic plastics. Hiki ke hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mea hana no ka ʻenekinia enzyme a me ka evolution no ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana. Ke nānā nei nā mea noiʻi i kahi ala no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka enzyme i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kāna hana i kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻoihana nui ikaika. Ua like loa ke kaʻina hana ʻenekinia me nā enzymes e hoʻohana ʻia nei i nā mea holoi holoi bio a i ka hana ʻana i nā biofuels. Aia ka ʻenehana a no laila e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻoihana ʻoihana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Pono ka noiʻi hou ʻana no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano o kēia haʻawina. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻokaʻawale ka enzyme i nā ʻāpana plastik nui i ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, no laila ke kākoʻo nei ia i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻōmole plastik akā pono e hoʻihoʻi mua ʻia kēia plastik āpau. Hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia kēia 'ili'ili "li'ili'i" no ka ho'iho'i 'ana iā lākou i nā hue plastik. ʻAʻole hiki i ka enzyme ke "hele a ʻimi i ka plastic ma kāna iho" i ke kaiapuni. ʻO kahi koho i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kanu ʻana i kēia enzyme i loko o kekahi mau bacteria e hiki ke hoʻomaka e wāwahi i ka plastic i kahi kiʻekiʻe aʻe me ka pale ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hopena lōʻihi o kēia enzyme.
He kiʻekiʻe loa ka hopena o ia ʻano hoʻonā hou e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻōpala palaka ma ka pae honua. Ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia plastik mai ka hiki ʻana mai o ka plastic ponoʻī. Aia kekahi mau kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plastik hoʻokahi a ua makemake ʻia ka plastic recycled ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi e like me ka pāpā ʻana i nā ʻeke lawe plastik i nā hale kūʻai kūʻai nui loa i ka media. ʻO ke kumu, pono mākou e hana wikiwiki inā makemake mākou e mālama i kā mākou Honua mai ka plastic ka popilikia. ʻOiai pono mākou e hoʻomau i ka hana hou ʻana i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā aʻo ka paipai ʻana i kā mākou mau keiki e hana pū kekahi. Pono mākou i kahi hopena lōʻihi maikaʻi e hiki ke hele pū me kā mākou mau hana ponoʻī. He hoʻomaka kēia noiʻi no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kekahi o nā pilikia nui a mākou Honua ke alo nei.
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Puna (s)
Harry P et al. 2018. Ke ano a me ka hana 'enekinia o ka plastic-degrading aromatic polyesterase. Nā hana o ka National Academy of Science. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718804115
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