Ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo aurora polar rain aurora i ʻike ʻia mai ka honua i ka pō Kalikimaka o 2022. ʻO kēia ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka ua polar aurora. ʻAʻole e like me ka aurora maʻamau i alakaʻi ʻia e nā electrons hanana i mālama ʻia i loko o ka magnetotail o ka magnetosphere o ka honua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka polar rain aurora e nā electrons e hele pololei ana mai ka corona solar a i nā ʻāpana polar o ka honua ma nā laina ākea ākea e hoʻopau i ka "polar. ka ua" electron precipitation e hoʻoulu ai i nā hoʻokuʻu optical ma ka launa pū ʻana me ka oxygen a me nā ʻātoma nitrogen i ka lewa.
Hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o aurorae, nā kukui ʻālohilohi ʻulaʻula (i kapa ʻia ʻo Northern lights a i ʻole aurora borealis ma ka ʻāpana pole ʻākau a me Southern Lights a i ʻole Aurora Australis ma ka ʻaoʻao pole hema) e hoʻomaka i ka papa coronal o ka lewa lā. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana o kēia papa lewa lā. ʻOiai ka mahana o ka papa kiʻi kiʻi (ʻo ia ka ili o ka lā no ka mea ʻo ia ka mea hiki iā mākou ke nānā me ka mālamalama) ma kahi o 6000 Kelvin, ʻo ka awelika wela o ka corona ma waena o 1 a 2 miliona Kelvin ma muli o 'Coronal Heating Paradox'. ʻO ia ʻano wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolilo i ka corona i kahi papa o ka plasma superheated. ʻO ka makani o ka lā me nā ʻāpana uila ikaika loa (e like me nā electrons, protons, alpha particles and heavy ions) e puka mau ana mai ka papa coronal ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau e pili ana i ka honua.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka huakaʻi i waho o nā ʻāpana ikaika mai ka lā a i ka honua. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻāpana ionised e ke kahua magnetic o ka honua (magnetosphere) no laila e noho mau nā ʻano ola a me nā ʻōnaehana uila ma ka honua mai nā hopena ʻino o ka makani lā.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka lā e like me ka Coronal Mass Ejection (CMEs), lilo ka honua magnetosphere i ka hopena a me nā hopena ʻino. Hoʻoikaika ka ʻino i ka magnetosphere a hiki i ka wā e hoʻihoʻi ai i ka lele ʻana i kekahi o nā mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka Honua.
ʻO ka hui hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ke kahua magnetic e kauo i nā electrons i ka makani lā i lalo i nā ʻāpana polar kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka aurorae 100-300 km ma luna o ka ʻili i ka lewa luna. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā protons a me nā ion ʻē aʻe i ka makani lā i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o aurora he mea ʻole.
ʻO Aurora ke kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai ka oxygen a me ka nitrogen atoms i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā electrons energetic precipitating mai ka magnetosphere ma nā laina kahua magnetic paʻa o ka honua (energetic electron precipitation a i ʻole EEP e pili ana i ka waiho ʻana o ka ikehu o nā electrons i ka lewa). ʻO ka pilina o nā electrons ikaika me ka oxygen i ka lewa ke kuleana no nā kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula aʻo ka pilina me ka nitrogen e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻulaʻula uliuli a me ka hohonu.
No laila, hoʻokumu ʻia ka aurora e nā electrons hanana i mālama ʻia i loko o ka magnetotail (ka wahi o ka magnetosphere o ka honua i kahili ʻia e ka makani lā i kahi huelo nui ma kahi mamao mai ka lā). Hoʻoulu ʻia nā electrons i mālama ʻia i loko o ka magnetosphere e ka makani makani a laila e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka lewa i nā ʻāpana polar e hoʻāla ai i ka aurora.
Polar Rain Aurora
Eia nō naʻe, kakaʻikahi, hana ʻia ka aurora e nā electrons e hele pololei ana mai ka corona solar a i nā ʻāpana polar o ka honua ma nā laina ākea ākea e hoʻopau i ka ua electron "polar rain". ʻIke ʻia ka ua nui o ia electron i ka wā e haʻahaʻa ai ka nui o ka makani o ka lā. He nāwaliwali nā mea hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā electrons a ua kapa ʻia ka aurora i kapa ʻia ʻo "polar rain aurora".
Ua ʻike ʻia ka ua polar aurorae i kekahi mau manawa mai ka lewa mai e nā satelite. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe hihia i ʻike ʻia e nā hale hana ma ka honua.
Ma ka la 25th-26th Kekemapa 2022, ua hopu ʻia kahi aurora atypical e nā kiʻi kiʻi honua ma ka ʻāina ʻo Artic i ka wā i aneane nalowale ka makani lā. ʻO ka aurora i ʻike ʻia he ʻaʻahu a he nunui ka nui. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia e like me ka aurora maʻamau. ʻO ka pāpale polar aurora maʻamau he hōʻike kukui ʻālohilohi e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano ikaika o nā kukui e like me ke ānuenue. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e like me nā pale, nā kukuna, nā spirals, a i ʻole me ke ʻano o nā ʻōlinolino hoʻololi. Theta aurora ʻike ʻia e like me ka leka Helene theta (he oval me kahi laina e hele ana ma waena) ke nānā ʻia mai luna e nā satelite. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Theta aurorae 'transpolar arcs' no ke ano o na powa nunui ke ike ia mai luna mai. 'Nā arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka lā.' he mau poʻo aurora liʻiliʻi a pōwehiwehi i ʻike ʻia mai nā hale nānā honua. Hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao o nā arcs ua kuhikuhi ʻia i ka Lā no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'Nā arc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka lā.
ʻO ka aurora i ʻike ʻia ma ka pō Kalikimaka ma 2022, maʻemaʻe, pālahalaha a nui ka nui. ʻAʻole like ia me ka aurora maʻamau no laila ua manaʻo ʻia he aurora ua polar. No ka hōʻoia ʻana i kēia, ua noiʻi nā mea noiʻi i kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma muli o ka satellite a me ka honua.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi ukali ua nele loa ka ʻāina pāpale polar i ka hoʻomaka. Ua hoʻomaka ka pāpale polar e hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi aurora diffuse ma ka 25th Kekemapa. Ma hope mai, ua uhi koke ʻia ka ʻāina pāpale polar a pau e nā hoʻokuʻu ikaika akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia hoʻopiha nui ʻana i ka pāpale polar e ka diffuse aurorae ma kahi o 28 mau hola. Ua hoʻomaka e nalo ka hoʻokuʻu ikaika i loko o ka pāpale polar i ke kakahiaka 26th Kekemapa a i loko o kekahi mau hola, ua hoʻi hou ke ʻano o ka aurora i ka puʻunaue maʻamau a ua hakahaka hou ka pāpale polar.
ʻO ka ua polar electron precipitation ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi wale nō ma muli o ke ʻano o ka interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi ukali like ʻole i ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o ka pāpale polar ma ka ʻĀkau ʻĀkau a ʻo ka pāpale polar o ka Hemisphere Hema ua nele. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia asymmetry interhemispheric a me ka manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia o ka IMF i ʻike ʻia ka aurora nui i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka pāpale polar o ka ʻĀpana ʻĀkau he aurora ua polar. Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka asymmetry interhemispheric i ka ʻikepili electron. Eia kekahi, maikaʻi loa ka pilina ma waena o ka manawa o ka nalo ʻana o ka makani lā a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka pāpale polar.
ʻO ke ana ʻana o ka ʻike mai ka ʻāina ma ke kaona ʻo Artic o Longyearbyen ma 25th -26th Ua hōʻike ʻo Dekemaba i nā electron ikehu kiʻekiʻe (>1 keV) i hoʻokumu i ka mea mua o ka ua electron. Ua ʻike pū ʻia e ka satellite ke komo ʻana o nā electrons ikehu kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ka aurora mai ka honua mai he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma kahi noiʻi mua, ua hōʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka ua polar aurora i ka pale ʻana i ka lā ma 150 mika/sec. I ka hihia o ka aurora atypical i ʻike ʻia ma ka pō Kalikimaka o 2022, ʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili o ka ʻikepili cross-sectional i hoʻolaha ʻia ka aurora ma ka ʻaoʻao anti-sunward akā ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka aurora e nānā ʻia mai ka honua he ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa wikiwiki.
No laila, ʻo ka aurora nui loa i ʻike ʻia mai ka honua i ka pō Kalikimaka i 2022 he polar rain aurora. ʻO kēia ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka ua polar aurora, kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka pilina Sun-Earth paʻakikī.
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E hoʻomaopopo ':
- Hosokawa, K. ¶ AL 2024. He aurora nui loa i loko o ka pāpale polar i ka lā i aneane nalowale ka makani lā. NA MEA HANA. 21 Iune 2024. Vol 10, Puka 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn5276
- SWPC, NOAA. Aurora. Loaʻa ma https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/aurora
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