NISAR (acronym for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar a i ʻole NASA-ISRO SAR), he mikiona hui like o NASA a me ISRO, ua hoʻolauna maikaʻi ʻia i ka lewa ma ka lā 30 Iulai 2025. ʻO ka pahuhopu o NISAR e aʻo i ka ʻāina a me ka hau deformation, ka ʻāina kaiaola, a me nā ʻāpana moana. Hoʻolako ʻia me ka Synthetic Aperture Radar kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana SweepSAR no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā kiʻi swath nui, e hoʻolālā ʻo NISAR i ka honua me nā hana koʻikoʻi e like me ka haunaele kaiaola, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau, nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, ka piʻi ʻana o ke kai, a me nā pilikia wai lepo. E nānā ʻo ia a hana i ke ana pololei ʻana ma ka pālākiō kenimika o nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāina o ka Honua a me nā ʻāpana hau ʻelua i kēlā me kēia 12 lā. ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka misionari e loaʻa manuahi a loaʻa i ka laina me ke kulekele wehe e kōkua i nā luna aupuni e hoʻokele maikaʻi i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a me nā pōʻino kūlohelohe. ʻO nā haʻawina e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻikepili e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko mākou ʻike i ka ʻōpala o ka Honua a me ka hopena a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.
Ua hoʻoikaika ka poʻe ʻepekema honua e nānā i ka ʻili o ka Honua mai luna mai i ka lewa e nānā i nā ao, ka wā, nā mea kanu, nā ululāʻau, nā muliwai, nā mauna, nā lua pele, ka moana, nā wahi o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe e like me nā ʻōlaʻi, nā waikahe, nā ʻino, ke kai eʻe a me nā wahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a pēlā aku no ka mākaukau a me ka hoʻolālā kūpono o nā lawelawe aupuni. Ua ʻike ka holomua ʻenehana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā baluna lewa wela a ukali ʻia e nā mokulele i hana ʻia. Loaʻa nā palena ʻelua ma ke ʻano o ka lōʻihi a me ka ʻāpana o ka uhi i kamaʻilio ʻia e ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā satelite nānā honua i ka makahiki 1960 ma hope o ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻenehana lewa. Ke nānā nei kēia mau ukali i nā ʻano mea like ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka Honua mai ka lewa mai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike maka (ʻike ʻia, kokoke-infrared, infrared) a i ʻole mea ʻike microwave i kau ʻia ma luna o lākou. Ma muli o ka hele ʻana o nā microwaves i nā ao, hiki i nā satelite i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea ʻike microwave ke nānā i ka ʻili o ka Honua me ka nānā ʻole i ke ao a me ka pō a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke aniau.
ʻO TIROS-1 ka satellite nānā honua mua loa. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1960 e NASA, ua hoʻoili ʻia nā kiʻi mua o ka home o ka honua. ʻO ka satellite nānā honua mua i hoʻolālā pono ʻia e aʻo a nānā i ka ʻāina o ka Honua ʻo Landsat 1, i hoʻokumu ʻia e NASA i ka makahiki 1971. Mai ia manawa, aia ka ulu mau o nā satelite nānā honua ma ka lewa. I ka makahiki 2008, aia ma kahi o 150 o ia mau ukali ma ka orbit o ka Honua. Ua piʻi ka helu i 950 i ka makahiki 2021. I kēia manawa, aia ma luna o 1100 mau satellite nānā honua ma ka lewa. ʻO NISAR ka mea hou loa i ka pūʻulu o nā satellite nānā honua.
ʻO NISAR (acronym no NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar a i ʻole NASA-ISRO SAR), he misionari hui pū ʻia o NASA a me ISRO, ua hoʻolauna maikaʻi ʻia i ka lewa ma 30 Iulai 2025.
| Nā Pahuhopu o ka Misiona NISAR |
| ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka misionari NISAR e aʻo i ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, nā kaiaola ʻāina, a me nā ʻāina moana. E kōkua ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i nā loli i ka biomass mea kanu, ke ʻano mea kanu, a me nā ʻāina pulu. E palapala ʻia hoʻi i nā ʻāpana hau o Greenland & Antarctica, ka ikaika o ka hau kai a me nā glaciers mauna a e hōʻike i ka deformation o ka ʻāina e pili ana i ka seismicity, volcanism, landslides, a subsidence and uplifts e pili ana i nā loli o nā aquifers subsurface, hydrocarbon reservoirs, etc. |
I kēia manawa, aia ka misionari ma ka pae 1 a e komo koke i ka pae 2 i ka wā e kau ʻia ai ka antenna. Pono e hoʻopau ʻia ke kōmike holoʻokoʻa i nā lā 90 mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka wā e komo ai ka misionari i ka hana ʻepekema.
| Nā Māhele o ka Misiona NISAR |
| Māhele 1 (Hoʻomaka): (Nā lā ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia 0-9): Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma luna o GSLV-F16 kaʻa hoʻomaka ma 30 lulai 2025 mai Sriharikota ma ke kahakai hikina hikina o ka peninsula o Inia. |
| Māhele 2: Hoʻolālā (La hope 10-18): Lawe ka mokulele i kahi hōʻike manaʻo nui o 12 m anawaena e hana ma ke ʻano he antenna radar. E kau ʻia ma ka orbit 9m ka mamao mai ka satellite e kahi ʻōnaehana boom paʻakikī multistage deployable. Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka lawe ʻana i ka antenna ma ka lā 10 mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana (no laila ʻo "Mission Day 10" e pili ana i ka "Deploy Day 1") me ka nānā mua ʻana a hoʻopau ʻia i ka lā 8 me ka satellite e hana ana i ka 'yaw manoeuvre' (rotation) e hoʻonohonoho pono iā ia iho, a laila e wehe ka radar circular. |
| Māhele 3: Hoʻomaka A hiki i ka lā 90th mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka antenna, e nānā ʻia nā ʻōnaehana āpau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no nā hana ʻepekema. |
| Māhele 4: Nā hana ʻepekema Ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pae kōmike, hoʻomaka ka hana ʻepekema a hoʻomau a hiki i ke ola misionari o ʻelima mau makahiki. Lawe ʻo SAR i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina, ka ʻili hau, nā ululāʻau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina ma nā alapine L-band a me S-band a hoʻolako ʻia i nā mea noiʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. |
Paʻa i ka Sun synchronous, polar orbit ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 747 km a hoʻolako ʻia me ʻelua microwave synthetic aperture radars (SAR), kahi L-Band SAR a me kahi S-Band SAR, ʻo NISAR kahi mikiona kiʻi microwave, me ka hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili polarimetric a me interferometric.
| ʻO ke akamai o ka NISAR Mission |
| Hoʻolako ʻia ʻo NISAR me ka Synthetic Aperture Radar kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana SweepSAR hou e hāʻawi i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā kiʻi swath nui. Hoʻopuka ʻo Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) i nā kiʻi hoʻonā maikaʻi mai kahi ʻōnaehana radar palena palena. |
Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo NISAR e palapala ʻāina i ka honua me nā kaʻina hana nui e like me ka haunaele kaiaola, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau, nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, ka piʻi ʻana o ke kai, a me nā pilikia wai honua. E nānā ʻo ia a hana i ke ana pololei ʻana ma ka pālākiō kenimika o nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāina o ka Honua a me nā ʻāpana hau ʻelua i kēlā me kēia 12 lā.
ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e L-band a me S-band SARs o ka misionari NISAR e loaʻa i ka lehulehu, nā luna aupuni a me nā mea noiʻi e like me ke kulekele wehe. E kōkua ia i nā luna aupuni e hoʻokele maikaʻi i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a me nā pōʻino kūlohelohe. ʻO nā haʻawina e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻikepili e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko mākou ʻike i ka ʻōpala o ka Honua a me ka hopena a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.
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E hoʻomaopopo ':
- ʻIkepili Honua. I kēia manawa ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo NISAR, eia ka mea āu e manaʻo ai mai ka ʻikepili. Hoʻopuka ʻia 4 ʻAukake 2025. Loaʻa ma https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/now-that-nisar-launched-heres-what-you-can-expect-from-the-data
- NASA. NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar). Loaʻa ma https://science.nasa.gov/mission/nisar/
- ISRO. NISAR - NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar Mission. Loaʻa ma https://www.isro.gov.in/Mission_GSLVF16_NISAR_Home.html https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/GSLV_F16NISAR_Launch_Brochure.pdf
- Rosen PA et al., 2025. ʻO ka Misiona NASA-ISRO SAR: He hōʻuluʻulu. IEEE Geoscience a me Remote Sensing Magazine. 16 Iulai 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2025.3578258
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, a joint collaborative mission of NASA and ISRO, was successfully launched into space on 30 July 2025. NISAR mission’s aim is to study land and ice deformation, land ecosystems, and oceanic regions. Equipped with the unique dual-band Synthetic Aperture Radar that employs novel SweepSAR technique to provide high resolution and large swath imagery, NISAR will systematically map Earth including the key processes like ecosystem disturbances, ice-sheet collapse, natural hazards, sea level rise, and groundwater issues. It will monitor and make precise measurement at centimetre scale of changes in Earth's landmass and ice regions twice every 12 days. The data collected by the mission will be freely and openly available in line with open access policy to help public authorities better manage natural resources and natural disasters. Studies using the data will improve our understanding of Earth’s crust and the impact and pace of climate change.){kind=link}