ʻO ke aʻo ʻana iā Andromeda na Vera Rubin i hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike o nā galaxies, alakaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea ʻeleʻele a hoʻololi i ka ʻike o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. No ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo NASA i nā kiʻi hou o Andromeda a i ʻole M31 galaxy i mea e mahalo ai i kāna hoʻoilina.
Aia i loko o ka Local Group (LG) i loaʻa ma luna o 80 galaxies, Andromeda galaxy (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo Messier 31 a i ʻole M 31) a me ko mākou home galaxy Milky Way (MW) he mau galaxes nui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mamao o 2.5 miliona mau makahiki māmā. He mau galaxia spiral wale nō lākou i ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, no laila ua hoihoi nui ʻia i ka poʻe kilo hōkū. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka Milky Way he mea paʻakikī ke aʻo ʻana iā ia no laila ua hilinaʻi nā astronomers iā Andromeda no ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka ulu ʻana o kā mākou. galaxy home.
I nā makahiki 1960, ua aʻo ʻo Vera Rubin ka mea kilo hōkū iā Andromeda a me nā galaxia ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka holo ʻana o nā hōkū ma nā ʻaoʻao waho o nā galaxes me ka wikiwiki e like me ka wikiwiki o nā hōkū i ke kikowaena. Ma ia ʻano, ua lele ka galaxy no ka huina i hāʻawi ʻia o nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole naʻe pēlā. ʻO ia ka manaʻo e loaʻa kekahi mau mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā galaxies a hoʻohuli iā lākou i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. Ua kapa ʻia ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia he "mea ʻeleʻele." ʻO nā ana ʻana o Vera Rubin o nā ʻōuli o Andromeda i hōʻike mua loa i ka mea ʻeleʻele a ua hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano o ka physics.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana iā Andromeda na Vera Rubin i hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike o nā galaxies, alakaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea ʻeleʻele a hoʻololi i ka ʻike o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. No ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo NASA i nā kiʻi hou o Andromeda a i ʻole M31 galaxy i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻoilina o Vera. Aia i loko o ke kiʻi hui ka ʻikepili o ka galaxy i lawe ʻia e nā telescopes like ʻole ma nā ʻano kukui like ʻole.
X-ray: NASA/CXO/UMass/Z. Li & QD Wang, ESA/XMM-Newton; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE, Spitzer, NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Gordon (U. Az), ESA/Herschel, ESA/Planck, NASA/IRAS, NASA/COBE; Lekiō: NSF/GBT/WSRT/IRAM/C. Kalaka (STScI); Ultraviolet: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GALEX; Optical: Andromeda, Manaʻo ʻole © Marcel Drechsler, Xavier Strottner, Yann Sainty & J. Sahner, T. Kottary. Hoʻopili kiʻi kiʻi: L. Frattare, K. Arcand, J.Major
I loko o nā kiʻi kikoʻī hoʻokahi, ʻike ʻia ʻo Andromeda me kahi pālahalaha, e like me nā galaxies a pau i nānā ʻia ma kēia mamao a me kēia kihi. ʻO kona mau lima wiliwili a puni i ke kumu ʻālohilohi, e hana ana i kahi ʻano diski. Ma kēlā me kēia kiʻi, pili kēia galactic pili i ka Ka Milky Way he ʻano like a me ke ʻano, akā ʻokoʻa loa nā kala a me nā kikoʻī e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike hou. I ka nui o nā kiʻi, ua hili ʻia ka ʻili palahalaha o ka galaxy e kū pono i ko mākou hema hema.
| Hoʻokahi-spectrum kiʻi | Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o M31 | Nā Kumuwaiwai ʻikepili |
| Nā kaumākū X | ʻAʻohe lima spiral i ke kiʻi X-ray. ʻIke ʻia ka pāhawewe ikehu kiʻekiʻe a puni ka lua ʻeleʻele nui ma ke kikowaena o M31 a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe a paʻa hoʻi i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ke aniani. | ʻO Chandra a me ka ESA o XMM-Newton Space X-ray Observatories. (hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka uliuli) |
| Ultraviolet (UV) | ʻIke ʻia nā lima wiliwili i ka uliuli a me ke keʻokeʻo, me ka pōleʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ke kumu. | ʻO GALEX i hoʻomaha ʻia e NASA (uliuli) |
| 'ōnohi | ʻO ke kiʻi ʻeleʻele a hinahina, ʻike ʻia nā lima wiliwili e like me nā apo uahi mae. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻeleʻele o ke ākea me nā kiko o ka mālamalama, a ʻālohilohi kahi kiko liʻiliʻi ma ke kumu o ka galaxy. | Nā telescope pili honua (Jakob Sahner a me Tarun Kottary) |
| Infrared (IR) | ʻO ke apo wiliwili keʻokeʻo e hoʻopuni ana i kahi kikowaena polū me kahi kumu gula liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā lima o waho he ahi. | ʻO Spitzer Space Telescope, ka Infrared Astronomy Satellite, COBE, Planck, a me Herschel (ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, a me ka poni) o NASA. |
| Radio | ʻIke ʻia ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani nā lima wili, e like me ke kaula e ʻā ana. He ʻeleʻele ke kikowaena, ʻaʻohe kumu i ʻike ʻia. | ʻO ke Telescope Radio Synthesis Westerbork (ʻulaʻula-ʻalani) |
Ma ke kiʻi hui, ʻo nā lima wiliwili ke kala o ka waina ʻulaʻula kokoke i nā ʻaoʻao o waho, a me ka lavender kokoke i ke kikowaena. Nui a ʻālohilohi ke kumu, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka pūʻulu o nā kikoʻī uliuli a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā ʻili liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻano kala like ʻole e kau ana i ka galaxy, a me ka ʻeleʻele o ka lewa a puni.
Kōkua kēia hōʻiliʻili i ka poʻe astronomers e hoʻomaopopo i ka ulu ʻana o ka Milky Way, ka galaxy spiral a mākou e noho nei.
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Sources:
- ʻatikala kiʻi NASA - Kaʻana like ʻo Chandra o NASA i kahi ʻike hou o kā mākou hoa noho Galactic. Hoʻopuka ʻia 25 Iune 2025. Loaʻa ma https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-chandra-shares-a-new-view-of-our-galactic-neighbor/
- ʻO Rubin Observatory. ʻO wai ʻo Vera Rubin? Loaʻa ma https://rubinobservatory.org/about/vera-rubin
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