Fusion Energy: EAST Tokamak ma Kina e hoʻokō i ka Milestone Koʻikoʻi

Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻo Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) ma Kina i kahi hana plasma paʻa paʻa kiʻekiʻe no 1,066 kekona e wāwahi ana i kāna moʻolelo mua o 403 kekona i loaʻa i 2023.

Ma ka lā 20 o Ianuali 2025, ua mālama maikaʻi ka Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) hale hana ma Kina (i kaulana ʻia ʻo Kina's 'artificial sun') i kahi hana plasma paʻa kiʻekiʻe no 1,066 kekona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o 1,066 kekona kahi hana nui i ka noiʻi fusion; no laila he mea nui kēia hoʻokō i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hana mana fusion. Ua mālama mua ka hale EAST i kahi hana plasma paʻa kiʻekiʻe no 403 kekona ma 2023. No ka ʻae ʻana i ka fusion nuklea, pono nā hale fusion i hoʻomalu ʻia e piʻi i nā mahana ma luna o 100 miliona ℃ me ka mālama mau ʻana i ka hana lōʻihi.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) ma Kina i ka makahiki 2007. He mea hana tokamak kēia a ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kahua hoʻāʻo hāmama no nā ʻepekema e hana i nā hoʻokolohua pili i ka fusion a me ka noiʻi mai ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai.

Ua like ka mea hana EAST tokamak me ITER ma ke ʻano a me ke kaulike akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. Loaʻa iā ia ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa: non-circular cross-section, full superconducting magnets and full actively water-cooled plasma facing components (PFCs). Ua holomua nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻokokoke hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka nuklea fusion, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wela plasma haki.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā magnet e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa i ka plasma kekahi o nā ala nui ʻelua e hiki ai i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e pono ai no ka fusion nuklea. Hoʻohana nā mea Tokamak i nā māla magnetic e hana i ka wela a hoʻopaʻa i ka plasma wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ITER ka papahana tokamak nui loa ma ka honua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ma St. Paul-lez-Durance ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Farani, ʻo ITER ka hui pū ʻana o ka ikehu fusion ʻoi loa o 35 mau lāhui. Hoʻohana ia i ka torus ring (a i ʻole donut magnetic device) no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wahie fusion no nā manawa lōʻihi i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻāla ʻana. E like me ITER, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka papahana fusion STEP o United Kingdom ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka plasma me ka tokamak. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka tokamak o ka papahana STEP he ʻano pōʻai (ma kahi o ka donut a ITER). ʻO ka tokamak spherical he paʻakikī, kūpono ke kumu kūʻai a maʻalahi paha ka paona.

ʻO ka Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) ke ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e pono ai no ka fusion nuklea. Ma kēia ala, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana fusion nui ma ka hoʻoomi wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i kahi wahie fusion liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻohana nei ka National Ignition Facility (NIF) ma Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) i ka ʻenehana implosion i hoʻohana ʻia e ka laser-driven implosion e hoʻopau i nā capsules i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wahie deuterium-tritium me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukuna laser ikaika. Ua hōʻike mai nei ʻo NIF i ka hōʻoia-o-manaʻo o kēia ala e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohui nuklea hoʻomalu e hoʻokō i nā pono ikehu.

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E hoʻomaopopo ':

Hefei Institute of Physical Science, CAS. Nūhou - Loaʻa i ka "Artificial Sun" Kina i kahi moʻolelo hou i kahi Milestone koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mana Fusion. Hoʻopuka ʻia 21 Ianuali 2025. Loaʻa ma https://english.hf.cas.cn/nr/bth/202501/t20250121_899051.html

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Hoʻolauna pōkole. Loaʻa ma http://east.ipp.ac.cn/index/article/info/id/52.html

Zhou C., 2024. Hoʻohālikelike ma waena o EAST a me ITER tokamak. ʻO ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe, 43,162-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240818

Hu, J., Xi, W., Zhang, J. et al. ʻO nā tokamak superconducting āpau: EAST. AAPPS Bull. 33, 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43673-023-00080-9

Zheng J., et al 2022. Ke holomua nei i ka noiʻi fusion Kina e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho tokamak superconducting. Ka Hana Hou. Volume 3, Puka 4, 12 Iulai 2022, 100269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100269

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