Holomua i ka Antiproton Transportation

Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Big Bang i ka nui o nā mea a me nā antimatter i hoʻopau ʻia kekahi i kekahi me ka waiho ʻana ma hope o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Akā naʻe, ua ola ka maʻi a lanakila i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka wā i nalowale ai ka antimatter. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻike ʻole i nā waiwai kumu ma waena o nā ʻāpana a me nā antiparticles e pili ana ke kuleana no kēia. ʻO nā ana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai kumu o nā antiprotons hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka mea-antimatter asymmetry. Pono ia e hoʻolako i nā antiprotons. I kēia manawa, ʻo CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) wale nō ka hale kahi e hana ʻia ai nā antiprotons a mālama ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i nā haʻawina kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā antiprotons kokoke i AD ma muli o ka fluctuations kahua magnetic i hana ʻia e nā accelerators. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka lawe ʻana i nā antiprotons mai kēia hale i nā hale hana ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻenehana kūpono e hana ai pēlā. ʻO BASE-STEP kahi pae i mua ma kēia ala. He mea paʻakikī ia i hoʻolālā ʻia e mālama a lawe i nā antiprotons mai ke keʻena CERN i nā laboratories ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe no nā haʻawina kiʻekiʻe o ka antimatter. Ma ka 24 ʻOkakopa 2024, ua hoʻokō ʻo BASE-STEP i kahi hōʻikeʻike ʻenehana kūleʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protons i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he kūpaʻa no nā antiprotons. Lawe ʻo ia i kahi ao o 70 protons ma kahi kaʻa. ʻO kēia ka hana mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻāpana manuahi i loko o kahi pahele hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia a me kahi paepae koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i kahi lawelawe lawe antiproton i nā hoʻokolohua ma nā hale hana ʻē aʻe. Me kekahi mau hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kaʻina hana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā antiprotons e lawe ʻia ma 2025.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hana ka Big Bang i nā mea like a me ka antimatter. Ua like nā mea ʻelua i nā waiwai, aia wale nō nā kumu kūʻē, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia ko lākou mau manawa magnetic.

Pono e hoʻopau koke ʻia ka mea a me ka antimatter me ka waiho ʻana ma hope o ke ao holoʻokoʻa akā ʻaʻole i hiki. ʻO ke ao holoʻokoʻa i kēia manawa ua hoʻomalu ʻia e ka mea i ka wā i nalowale ai ka antimatter. Ke manaʻo ʻia nei aia kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻike ʻole ma waena o nā ʻāpana kumu a me kā lākou mau antiparticles pili i alakaʻi i ke ola o ka mea i ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai ka antimatter e alakaʻi ana i ka mea-antimatter asymmetry.

E like me ka CPT (Charge, Parity, and Time reversal) symmetry, ʻo ia kekahi ʻāpana o ka Model Model of particle physics, pono e like nā waiwai kumu o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole kekahi hapa i ko lākou mau antiparticles pili. ʻO nā ana hoʻokolohua kūpono loa o nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai kumu (e like me ka nui, nā uku, nā manawa ola a i ʻole nā manawa magnetic) o nā ʻāpana a me ko lākou mau antiparticles e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka asymmetry mea-antimatter. ʻO kēia ka pōʻaiapili o ʻO CERN's Barona ʻO ka hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike Antibaryon (BASE).

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻokolohua BASE e noiʻi i ka Proton Antiproton Symmetry ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā ana kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai (e like me ka intrinsic magnetic moment) o nā antiprotons me kahi kikoʻī ma ke ʻano o ka hapa-per-biliona. ʻO ka hana aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēia mau ana me nā koina pili no nā protons. No ka manawa magnetic intrinsic, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa ma nā ana o ke alapine Larmor a me ke alapine cyclotron.

I kēia manawa, ʻo CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) wale nō ka hale kahi e hana mau ʻia ai nā antiprotons a mālama ʻia. Pono e aʻo ʻia kēia mau antiprotons ma ʻaneʻi ma ka hale o CERN akā naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kahua magnetic i hana ʻia e ka accelerator ma ke kahua e kaupalena ana i ka pololei o nā ana o nā waiwai antiproton. No laila, pono e lawe i nā antiprotons i hana ʻia ma AD i nā laboratories ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka antimatter no ka mea e hoʻopau koke lākou i ka pili ʻana me ka mea. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻenehana kūpono e lawe i nā antiprotons i nā laboratories ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe no ka poʻe noiʻi e hana i nā haʻawina kiʻekiʻe. ʻO BASE-STEP (Symmetry Tests in Experiments with Portable antiprotons) kahi ʻanuʻu i mua i kēia ala.

ʻO BASE-STEP kahi mea paʻa paʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia e mālama a lawe i nā antiprotons mai ke keʻena CERN i nā laboratories ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe no nā noiʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka antimatter. He papahana ia o BASE, ma kahi o hoʻokahi tona kona kaumaha a he ʻelima paha ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua BSE mua.

Ma ka 24 ʻOkakopa 2024, ua hoʻokō ʻo BASE-STEP i kahi hōʻikeʻike ʻenehana kūleʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protons i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he kūpaʻa no nā antiprotons. Lawe ʻo ia i kahi ao o 70 protons ma kahi kaʻa. ʻO kēia ka hana mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i loko o kahi pahele hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia a me kahi paepae koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i kahi lawelawe lawe antiproton i nā hoʻokolohua ma nā hale hana ʻē aʻe. Me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kaʻina hana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka lawe ʻana o antiproton ma 2025.

ʻO ka PUMA (antiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation) kahi hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano like akā e kuhikuhi ana i nā pahuhopu ʻokoʻa. E like me BASE-STEP, pili pū ʻo PUMA i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi pahele hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā antiprotons mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Antiproton (AD) o CERN i kāna hale ISOLDE no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano physics nuklea exotic.

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E hoʻomaopopo ':

CERN. Nūhou - He hana nui ka hoʻokolohua BASE i ka antimatter portable. Hoʻopuka ʻia 25 ʻOkakopa 2024. Loaʻa ma https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/base-experiment-takes-big-step-towards-portable-antimatter

CERN. Hōʻike Hoʻolālā ʻenehana o BASE-STEP. https://cds.cern.ch/record/2756508/files/SPSC-TDR-007.pdf

Smorra C., et al 2023. BASE-STEP: He waihona antiproton hiki ke lawe ʻia no nā haʻawina pili kumu. ʻO Rev. Sci. Mea kani. 94, 113201. 16 Nowemapa 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155492

Aumann, T., Bartmann, W., Boine-Frankenheim, O. et al. PUMA, antiProton unstable matter annihilation. Eur. ʻO Phys. J. A 58, 88 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00713-x

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