ʻO ka asteroid Bennu he asteroid carbonaceous kahiko i loaʻa nā pōhaku a me nā lepo mai ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana lā. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i kahi laʻana mai ka asteroid Bennu i hōʻiliʻili pololei ʻia ma ka lewa e hoʻomālamalama i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā hōkūhele a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ola ma ka Honua. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo OSIRIS-REx, ka huakaʻi hoʻihoʻi asteroid mua o NASA i ka makahiki 2016 i Bennu kokoke i ka Honua. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka capsule hāpana i ka Honua ma 24 Kepakemapa 2023. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka noiʻi hohonu o ka hāpana i hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena ma 29 Ianuali 2025. ʻO ka hāpana i hoʻihoʻi ʻia he nui ka nui o ka ammonia a me ka nitrogen-rich soluble. nā mea ola kino i mea nui i ke ola ma ka Honua. ʻO nā pūhui organik nui i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hāpana he amino acids (me 14 o ka 20 i loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana ola ma ka Honua), nā amine, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a me N-heterocycles (me nā nucleobases ʻelima i loaʻa ma DNA a me RNA. ma ka Honua). Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka laʻana i nā minela paʻakai ma muli o ka evaporation o ka brine i noho mua i ke kino makua o ka asteroid Bennu, e manaʻo ana i ka wai paʻakai i ka mōʻaukala mua i hiki ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā molekala i ʻike ʻia i ka hāpana. Detection o hale poloka no ke ola a me ka paakai minelala i loko o ka pristine laʻana i ohiia ma ka lewa pololei mai ka asteroid Bennu a aʻo ma lalo o contamination-hooponopono ana haawi credence i ka manao i na precursors no ka puka ana mai o ke ola ua laha i loko o ka mua solar nenoaiu. No laila, aia kekahi mea hiki ke puka mai ke ola ma nā hōkūhele ʻē aʻe a i ʻole kā lākou mau satelite kūlohelohe. ʻO nā kūlana ma ka asteroid Bennu he ʻelele no ka mōʻaukala mua o ka Honua. Hāʻawi ia i kahi manaʻo e pili ana i nā mea i loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana solar ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ke ola ma ka Honua.
ʻO Asteroid Bennu kahi asteroid orbit kokoke i ka Honua i manaʻo ʻia ua hana ʻia ma kahi o 4.5 biliona makahiki aku nei i ka wā mua o ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻōnaehana solar. He ʻano B-ʻano, carbonaceous asteroid nona nā pōhaku a me ka lepo mai ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana lā. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia paha ʻo Bennu nā mea i loaʻa nā molekole i ka wā i hana ʻia ai ke ola ma ka Honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokani nā Asteroids waiwai i nā mea ola i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke ola ma ka Honua. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka laʻana i lawe ʻia mai ka asteroid Bennu i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomālamalama i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā hōkūhele a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ola. ʻO ka misionari OSIRIS-REx o NASA i kuhikuhi i kēia.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka huakaʻi hoʻihoʻi asteroid OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security - Regolith Explorer) i ka asteroid kokoke i ka Honua Bennu ma 8 Kepakemapa 2016. Ua hōʻiliʻili ia i kahi laʻana o nā pōhaku a me ka lepo mai ka ʻili o ka asteroid. ma 20 ʻOkakopa 2020 a hoʻomaka i kāna huakaʻi hoʻi i ka Honua ma ka lā 10 Mei 2021. E huakaʻi ana no ʻelua makahiki a me ka hapa i kona hoʻi ʻana mai. huakaʻi, ma ka lā 24 Kepakemapa 2023, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i ka capsule i loaʻa nā pōhaku a me ka lepo lepo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka asteroid Bennu i ka lewa o ka Honua a hoʻomau i kāna huakaʻi i kahi kokoke-Earth asteroid Apophis ma ke ʻano he misionari OSIRIS-APEX.
ʻO ka capsule i loaʻa ka laʻana o nā pōhaku a me ka lepo ma kahi o 250 grams i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka asteroid Bennu i pae maluhia ma ka Honua ma ka kahua o Utah ma kahi kokoke i Salt Lake City ma USA i ka lā hoʻokahi ma ka Lāpule 24 Kepakemapa 2023. , a ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena ma 29 Ianuali 2025.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka laʻana i hoʻihoʻi ʻia e kekahi hui noiʻi i ka nui o ka ammonia a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka nitrogen-rich soluble organic mea kiʻi i ke ola ma ka Honua. ʻO nā pūhui organik i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka laʻana he amino acids (me ka 14 o ka 20 i loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana ola ma ka Honua), nā amine, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a me N-heterocycles (me nā nucleobases ʻelima i loaʻa i loko o ka DNA a me RNA. ʻO ka honua i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike genetic i nā keiki). He mea koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka ammonia i loko o ka hāpana no ka mea hiki i ka amonia ke hana me ka formaldehyde e hana i nā waikawa amino i nā kūlana kūpono. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo nā amino acids me ka chirality i loko o ka hāpana mai Bennu he racemic a i ʻole ka hui like ʻana o nā mana hema a me ka lima ʻākau. Ma ka Honua, ʻo nā ʻōnaehana ola wale nō ka mana lima hema. Malia paha, ʻo nā amino acids ma ka honua mua he hui racemic a ʻo ka chirality lima hema o ke ola ma ka Honua i ulu ma hope ma muli o kekahi kumu ʻike ʻole.
Eia hou, ua loaʻa i ka hui noiʻi ʻē aʻe nā minela paʻakai i loko o ka laʻana i loaʻa i ka sodium-bearing phosphates a me ka sodium-rich carbonates, sulphates, chlorides a me fluorides. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau paʻakai ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka brine i noho mua ʻia i ke kino makua o ka asteroid Bennu. Hiki i ka wai paʻakai ma ka mōʻaukala mua ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he ala kūpono no ka hoʻopili kemika ma waena o nā molekala i ʻike ʻia i ka hāpana.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā mea olaola a me nā paʻakai mineral i loko o nā meteorites, akā ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka lewa o ka Honua e paʻakikī i ka wehewehe ʻana no ka mea hiki ke luku ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha i ke komo ʻana i ka honua.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā poloka kūkulu no ke ola a me nā evaporites (nā minelala paʻakai i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka brine) i ka laʻana pristine i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka lewa pololei mai ka asteroid Bennu a aʻo ʻia ma lalo o nā ana contamination-control. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hilinaʻi i ka manaʻo o nā mea mua no ka puka ʻana mai o ke ola ua laha i ka ʻōnaehana solar mua. No laila, aia kekahi mea hiki ke puka mai ke ola ma nā hōkūhele ʻē aʻe a i ʻole kā lākou mau satelite kūlohelohe. ʻO nā kūlana ma ka asteroid Bennu he ʻelele no ka mōʻaukala mua o ka Honua. Hāʻawi ia i kahi manaʻo e pili ana i nā mea i loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana solar ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ke ola ma ka Honua.
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E hoʻomaopopo ':
- ʻO Glavin, DP, et al. 2025. He nui ka amonia a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka nitrogen i loko o nā laʻana mai asteroid (101955) Bennu. Nat Astron. Hoʻopuka ʻia: 29 Ianuali 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02472-9
- McCoy, TJ, et al. 2025. He kaʻina evaporite mai ka brine kahiko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā laʻana Bennu. ʻAno 637, 1072–1077. Hoʻopuka ʻia: 29 Ianuali 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08495-6
- NASA. Nūhou - Hōʻike ʻo NASA's Asteroid Bennu Sample i ka hui ʻana o nā mea ola. Hoʻopuka ʻia 29 Ianuali 2025. Loaʻa ma https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-asteroid-bennu-sample-reveals-mix-of-lifes-ingredients/
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Pākuʻi pili:
- Lawe ʻo NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission i ka laʻana mai asteroid Bennu i ka Honua (26 Kepakemapa 2023).
- kokoke-Earth asteroid 2024 BJ e hoʻokokoke kokoke loa i ka Honua (26 Ianuali 2024)
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