Pehea ka mamao e ʻike ʻia ai ka nohona kanaka ma ka lewa 

ʻO nā pūlima ʻenehana i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua, ʻo ia ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka radar planetary mai ka Arecibo Observatory ma mua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo Arecibo a hiki i kahi 12,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua mai kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o ke kikowaena galactic. Eia naʻe, mai ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka leka ʻo Arecibo i ka makahiki 1974, ua hele ʻo ia ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki māmā a hiki i kēia manawa. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa kūpono a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea hoʻokipa, e ʻike ʻia ka leka Arecibo i kahi ETI me ka "ʻenehana pae honua" a hiki i kahi mamao o 12,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ka honua ke hiki ka hōʻailona i kēlā mamao i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mea aʻe he mau ʻenehana ʻenehana e like me ka nitrogen dioxide i ʻike ʻia a hiki i 5.7 mau makahiki māmā. ʻO nā pūlima ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e like me nā kukui o ke kūlanakauhale, nā lasers, nā mokupuni wela, a me nā satelite ke ʻike kokoke i ka honua wale nō.   

Aia ke ola ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke ao holoʻokoʻa? He kiʻekiʻe ka manaʻo o ke ola ʻana o ka naʻauao extraterrestrial i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 200 billion a 2 trillion galaxies, a ʻo kā mākou home galaxy Milky Way wale nō paha ma waena o 1000 a me 10 miliona mau hōkū me nā civilizations (e like me ka manaʻo kumu mua a Drake). Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kēia mau manaʻo i nā makahiki. ʻO kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma 2020 e hōʻike ana he 36 ka nui o nā kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana i loko o kā mākou galaxy home e pili ana i ka manaʻo he 100 mau makahiki ka awelika o ke ola ʻana o kahi kamaʻilio kamaʻilio. ʻO ka mea hoʻohālikelike, ʻaʻohe hōʻike o ke ola ʻana o ka naʻauao extraterrestrial. No nā makahiki ʻehiku i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e ʻimi i ka ʻike extraterrestrial (SETI) i kālele nui ʻia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona extraterrestrial a i ʻole ka hoʻouna ʻana mai nā honua extraterrestrial i ko mākou honua honua.  

Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hana e hiki ai i ke ola naʻauao ma waho o ka honua ma o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā leka i nā lāhui malihini. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mikiona Pioneers 10 a me 11 i ka makahiki 1972-73 i loko o nā pāpaʻi alumini anodized gula e hōʻike ana i kahi kāne a me ka wahine ʻōlohelohe a me nā kiʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi o ka Lā a me ka Honua e pili ana i nā pulsar e lilo i mau ʻāina kosmic. ʻO ke kumu e hiki ai i ke ola naʻauao extraterrestrial ke hoʻopili i ke kanaka ma ka honua inā loaʻa nā papa metala iā lākou. Pēlā nō, ʻo Voyager 1 a me Voyager 2, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1977, ua lawe kēlā me kēia i kahi diski keleawe i uhi ʻia i ke gula me nā leo a me nā kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ke ola a me ka moʻomeheu ma ka Honua. ʻO ka pahuhopu ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka moʻolelo o ke ola ma ka honua i nā moʻolelo kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā hōkū. Aia nā mokulele mokulele Voyager i kēia manawa ma ka lewa interstellar e ʻimi ana i ka lihi loa o ka Heliosphere o ka Lā ma ke ʻano he Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM).  

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā papa metala i kākau ʻia me nā memo, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona lekiō haiki. No ka laʻana, ʻo "Arecibo message" he leka lekiō interstellar e lawe ana i ka ʻike kumu e pili ana i ka nohona kanaka a me ko mākou honua honua i hoʻolaha ʻia e Frank Drake ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki i hala ma 1974. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kēia hoʻolaha lekiō hoʻokahi i ka hui honua Messier 13 e kū ana ma kahi o 25,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua a ua manaʻo ʻia he hōʻike ʻenehana no ke kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano he techno-signature (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻenehana me nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona i hoʻomohala ʻia e ke ola naʻauao a ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā hanana kūlohelohe) o ke kanaka ma ka honua, ua huakaʻi ka leka lekiō interstellar Arecibo ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki māmā ma ke ākea interstellar.  

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo Arecibo i ka ʻike extra-terrestrial (ETI) ma waho o ka lewa? Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā ETI nā ʻano ʻenehana ʻenehana honua i kēia manawa e like me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka lekiō, nā pūlima ʻenehana o ka lewa, nā pūlima optical a me infrared, a me nā mea ma ka lewa a i ʻole ma ka honua?  

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o nā hōʻailona techno-signature like ʻole o ka honua ma waena o ka lewa interstellar e hilinaʻi ʻia ma nā kumu he nui e like me ka manawa, kahi / orientation o ke kino e loaʻa ana, ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona, ​​​​ka holomua ʻenehana o ka civilization e loaʻa ana ka hōʻailona, ​​​​a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke ola ʻana o nā ETI ma nā pae ʻokoʻa o ka holomua ʻenehana, hiki i nā mea āpau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea i ke kuanaʻike inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hihia kūikawā o kahi moʻomeheu extra-terrestrial hypothetical i ka pae like o ka holomua ʻenehana e like me ka honua i kēia manawa. He aha ka mamao loa o ka ʻike ʻana o nā pūlima ʻenehana honua i kēia manawa i kēlā hihia? Ua noiʻi hou ʻia kēia e nā mea noiʻi ma kahi pepa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Ma ka mamao hea e ʻike ʻia ai ka hui ʻenehana o ka honua me ka ʻenehana o kēia wā?.   

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kumu hoʻohālike, ua loiloi nā mea noiʻi i ka mamao loa o ka ʻike ʻana no nā pūlima ʻenehana honua i kēia manawa e like me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka lekiō, nā pūlima o ka lewa, optical a me ka infrared emissions, etc. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā pūlima ʻenehana i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua ʻo ia ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka radar planetary mai ka Arecibo Observatory ma mua.  

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo Arecibo a hiki i kahi 12,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o ke kikowaena galactic (ʻo ko mākou home galaxy Milky Way he 105,700 mau makahiki māmā ke anawaena a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana solar he 26,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ke kikowaena galactic). Eia nō naʻe, mai ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka leka Arecibo i ka makahiki 1974, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki māmā a hiki i kēia manawa (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka Voyager spacecrafts i kēia manawa ma waena o ka intergalactic ua hele wale ma kahi o 0.0026 mau makahiki māmā a hiki i kēia manawa). Hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa kūpono a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, e ʻike ʻia ka leka Arecibo i kahi ETI me ka "ʻenehana pae honua" a hiki i kahi mamao ma kahi o 12,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ka honua ke hōʻea ka hōʻailona i kēlā mamao i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mea aʻe he mau ʻenehana lewa e like me ka nitrogen dioxide e ʻike ʻia a hiki i 5.7 mau makahiki māmā (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, Proxima Centauri, ka hōkū kokoke loa i ka Honua ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ka Lā ma kahi mamao o 4.25 mau makahiki māmā). ʻO nā pūlima ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e like me nā kukui o ke kūlanakauhale, nā lasers, nā mokupuni wela, a me nā satelite ke ʻike kokoke i ka honua wale nō.  

Mai ka memo Arecibo, ua hele ka ʻenehana ikaika loa o ka Honua i 50 mau makahiki māmā mai kona hoʻouna ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki 1974, ʻo ka mamao loa o ka ʻike i kēia manawa he 50 mau makahiki kukui. No nā pūlima ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao loa o ka ʻike. ʻAʻohe o nā pūlima ʻenehana o ka Honua i hiki aku ma mua o 50 mau makahiki māmā ma ke ākea ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā leka uila no kahi haneli. ʻO kēia ka hōʻike a ka Honua i ka honua o waho.  

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E hoʻomaopopo ':  

1. Westby T., a me Conselice CJ, 2020. ʻO ka Astrobiological Copernican Weak and Strong Limits for Intelligent Life. Ka Nupepa Astrophysical, Volume 896, Number 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8225 

2. NASA. Ka Palapala Gula. Paʻi ʻia 5 Nov 2024. Loaʻa ma https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-golden-record-overview/  

3. NASA. He aha nā mea i loko o ka Golden Record? Paʻi ʻia 14 ʻAukake 2024. Loaʻa ma https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/golden-record-contents/  

4. SETI Institute. ʻŌlelo Arecibo. Loaʻa ma https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message  

5. SETI Institute. Hoʻokuʻu paʻi - Earth Detecting Earth. Hoʻopuka ʻia 2 Pepeluali 2025. Loaʻa ma https://www.seti.org/press-release/earth-detecting-earth 

6. Sheikh SZ, ¶ AL 2025. Ka ʻIke ʻana o ka Honua i ka Honua: Ma kahi mamao e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia ka Constellation of Technosignatures o ka Honua me ka ʻenehana o kēia manawa? Ka Nupepa Astronomical, Volume 169, Number 2. Published 3 February 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada3c7  

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Nā pāhana pili: 

• Extra-Terrestrial: Huli i nā inoa o ke ola (15 Iulai 2019) 

• ʻEpekema Exoplanet: Ua hoʻomaka ʻo James Webb i kahi manawa hou (3 Kepakemapa 2022)  

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