ʻO nā nānā ʻana o ke kahua hohonu o James Webb Space Telescope ma lalo o ka JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) e hōʻike maopopo ana he hapa nui o nā galaxies e wili ana i ke kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe i ke kuhikuhi o ka wili ʻana o Milky Way. ʻO kēia ʻano random ʻole i ke kuhikuhi o ka wili ʻana o ka galaxies e kūʻē i nā loina cosmological e koi ana i ka nui o nā galaxies e wili ana i hoʻokahi kuhikuhi e kokoke like me ka nui o nā galaxies e wili ana i ke kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe. Paʻa ka loina cosmological maʻamau (CP) i ka manaʻo he homogenous a isotropic ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma ka pae nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua like ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma nā kuhikuhi āpau, ʻaʻohe makemake kuhikuhi. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu pololei no ka kūlike ʻole i ʻike ʻia. Malia paha, ʻaʻole piha ke loina cosmological i ka hopu ʻana i ke ʻano nui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa a ua hoʻomaka ke ao holoʻokoʻa me ka wili, a i ʻole he ʻano fractal hou kona.
ʻO ka loina cosmological (CP) kekahi o nā manaʻo kumu i ka cosmology. Wahi a kēia, he homogenous a isotropic ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ma ke ʻano nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua like ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, ʻaʻohe makemake kuhikuhi. Ma ka pōʻaiapili o ka ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā galaxies, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo cosmological maʻamau e hōʻike ana i ka helu o nā galaxies e kaʻa ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi pono e like me ka helu o nā galaxies e kaʻa ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka hihia a manaʻo i kahi asymmetry i ke kuhikuhi o ka rotation galaxy. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kiʻi kikoʻī loa o nā galaxies i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia e JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) e hōʻike maopopo ana i ka hapa nui o nā galaxies i loko o nā kula hohonu e huli ana i ka ʻaoʻao kūʻē i ke ala o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ko mākou home galaxy Milky Way.
| Milky Way – ka galaxy a mākou e noho nei 1. ʻO kā mākou ʻanuʻu home ʻo Milky Way he ʻano huila me kahi ʻano palahalaha, ʻano diski. 2. ʻO nā hōkū a pau (me ka lā) a me ke kinoea i loko o ka diski kaʻapuni a puni ke kikowaena galactic ma ka ʻaoʻao kuʻemaka (no ka mea nānā ma luna o ka mokulele galactic). 3. Aia ka lā me kona ʻōnaehana honua holoʻokoʻa a me ka Honua ma ka lima spiral Orion-Cygnus ma kahi o 25,000 mau makahiki māmā mai ke kikowaena galactic a lawe ʻia ma kahi o 230 miliona mau makahiki e hoʻopau i hoʻokahi kaʻapuni a puni ke kikowaena. 4. ʻO ka honua, kahi o kā mākou nānā ʻana, ke kaʻapuni pū nei i ke kikowaena galactic ma ka ʻaoʻao counterclockwise me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka Milky Way. |
| ʻO JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) 1. Ke kumu: ke aʻo ʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa 2. E aʻo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka hoʻololi ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ke awakea o ka honua (e like me nā hoʻololi ʻulaʻula o z = 2–3, i ka manawa o ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma kahi o 2 a 3 biliona makahiki) 3. Hoʻohana i ka infrared imaging a me ka spectroscopy i loko o ka GOODS-S a me GOODS-N kahua hohonu (GOODS-N coincides me ka Hubble Deep Field North, aʻo GOODS-S coincides me ka Chandra Deep Field Hema). 4. I ka makahiki mua, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo JADES i nā haneli he nui o nā moho mai nā makahiki 650 miliona mua ma hope o ka pā nui. |
| Nānā Hohonu (GOODS) 1. Hoʻohui i nā ʻike hohonu mai ʻekolu mau Mea Nānā Nui: ka Hubble Space Telescope, ka Spitzer Space Telescope, a me ka Chandra X-ray Observatory, me ka ʻikepili mai nā telescope ʻē aʻe. 2. Hiki i ka po'e hoku ke a'o i ka ho'okumu 'ana a me ka ho'ololi 'ana o nā galaxies ma ke ao mamao loa. 3. manaʻo e hoʻohui i nā ʻike hohonu loa mai NASA's Great Observatories (Spitzer, Hubble and Chandra), ESA's Herschel a me XMM-Newton, a me nā ʻoihana ikaika loa ma ka honua. |
Ma nā kiʻi hohonu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i hopu ʻia e JWST ma lalo o ka papahana JADES, ua ʻike ʻia he 50% kiʻekiʻe ka heluna o nā galaxies e huli ana i ka ʻaoʻao e kū'ē ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka Milky Way ma mua o ka heluna o nā galaxies e kaʻa like ana me ka Milky Way. No laila, aia kahi asymmetry i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā kuhikuhina spin galaxy i ke ao mua.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu kūpono no ka asymmetry i ʻike ʻia e kūʻē i ka Standard Cosmological Principle. ʻAʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka manaʻo "he homogenous a isotropic ke ao holoʻokoʻa." Me he mea la e uhai ana ka ike kahua hohonu o JWST. Malia paha, ʻaʻole i piha ke kumukānāwai a ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa pono i ka hoʻolālā nui (LSS) o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Kū'ē nā kumu hoʻohālike cosmological ʻē aʻe i ka manaʻo isotropy o ke Kumukānāwai Cosmological Maʻamau akā wehewehe i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka symmetry i ke ala o ka huli ʻana o ka galaxy. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele cosmology (BHC) a me ke kumumanaʻo o ke ao holoʻokoʻa he kumu hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe. Wahi a kēia, hoʻokipa ʻia ke ao holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi lua ʻeleʻele i loko o ke ao makua. No ka mea, wili ka puka ʻeleʻele, ua wili pū ke ao holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka lua ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, no laila he axis a i ʻole kahi ʻaoʻao makemake o ke ao holoʻokoʻa e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā galaxies i ʻike ʻia ma JWST hohonu kahi ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. ʻO ka hoʻolālā fractal o ke ao holoʻokoʻa kekahi kumu hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka manaʻo he ʻano fractal ka hale nui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopau ke ʻano fractal hou i ka randomness i ke ao holoʻokoʻa no laila ka uhaki ʻana i ka symmetry ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka huli ʻana o nā galaxies.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kumu o ka cosmological he ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke ala o ka wili galaxy ma JWST kahua hohonu i kahi mea nānā honua he hopena o ka wikiwiki o ka huli ʻana o nā galaxies i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka wikiwiki rotational o Milky Way ma ka mālamalama o nā galaxies. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o nā ʻanuʻu e kaʻa ana i ka ʻaoʻao e kū pono ana i ke ala o ka Milky Way ma muli o ka hopena Doppler shift a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea he haʻahaʻa ka hopena o ka velocity rotational velocity i ka ʻōlinolino o nā galaxies, paʻakikī ke wehewehe i nā ʻike i hana ʻia ma o JADES a me nā papahana ʻē aʻe. Malia paha, pili kekahi ʻano ʻike ʻole o ka physics o ka rotation galaxy i nā ʻike.
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E hoʻomaopopo ':
- Shamir L., 2025. ʻO ka māhele ʻana o ka huli ʻana o ka galaxy ma JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey. Nā Hoʻolaha Mahina o ka Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 538, Issue 1, March 2025, Pages 76–91. Hoʻopuka ʻia 17 Pepeluali 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf292
- ʻO Kansas State University News - ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana a ka mea noiʻi K-State e hana puʻupuʻu i ka nānā ʻana e pili ana i ka Milky Way, nā ʻōwili hohonu o nā galaxies. Hoʻopuka ʻia 12 Malaki 2025. Loaʻa ma https://www.k-state.edu/media/articles/2025/03/lior-shamir-james-webb-space-telescope-spinning-galaxies.html
- Max-planck-gesellschaft. Nūhou - Misiona hoʻopakele no ka loina cosmological. Hoʻopuka ʻia 17 Kepakemapa 2024. Loaʻa ma https://www.mpg.de/23150751/meerkat-absorption-line-survey-and-the-cosmological-principle
- Aluri PK, et al 2023. Ua kūlike anei ka Universe Observable me ka Cosmological Principle? Kakaumaha maʻamau a me Quantum, Volume 40, Number 9. Published 4 April 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/acbefc
- Peterson C., . Ua hānau ʻia ke ao holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi ʻeleʻele? Loaʻa ma https://www.newhaven.edu/_resources/documents/academics/surf/past-projects/2015/charles-peterson-paper.pdf
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Nā pāhana pili:
- Universe mua: ʻO ka Galaxy mamao loa "JADES-GS-z14-0" e hoʻokūkū i nā kumu hoʻohālike Galaxy. (12 Aukake 2024)
- Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻāpana no ke aʻo ʻana o "Very early universe": hōʻike ʻia ʻo Muon collider (31 ʻOkakopa 2024)
- Paradox of Metal-rich Stars in Early Universe (27 Kepakemapa 2024)
- ʻO ke Ala Milky: ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ka Warp (18 Ianuali 2021)
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 unequivocally show that most of the galaxies rotate in direction opposite to the direction of rotation of Milky Way. This non-randomness in direction of galaxy rotation contravenes cosmological principles which requires number of galaxies rotating in one direction to be nearly the same as number of galaxies rotating in the opposite direction. The standard cosmological principle (CP) holds the view that the universe is homogenous and isotropic on large scale, i.e., universe is the same in all directions, there is no directional preference. The exact reason for the observed inconsistency is not known. Perhaps, the cosmological principle is incomplete in capturing large-scale structure of the universe and the universe began with a spin, or it has a repeating fractal pattern.){kind=link}