ʻO ka lewa, ka makani makani a me ka lekiō

poe ʻO ka makani, ke kahawai o nā ʻāpana uila e puka mai ana mai ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka lewa corona o ka Lā, hoʻoweliweli i ke ʻano ola a me ka ʻenehana uila e pili ana i ka nohona kanaka hou. Hāʻawi ke kahua magnetic o ka honua i ka pale mai ka mea e komo mai ana lāla makani ma ka hoohuli ana ia lakou. ʻO Drastic lāla ʻO nā hanana e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka plasma uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ke corona o ka lā e hana i nā haunaele i ka lāla makani. No laila, ke aʻo ʻana i nā haunaele i nā kūlana o lāla makani (kapa ʻia Space weather) he mea pono. ʻO Coronal Mass Ejection (CMEs), i kapa ʻia ʻo 'lāla ʻino' a 'makahiki pili ka ino' me ka lāla Radio pohā. Haʻawina o lāla Hiki ke hāʻawi i ka manaʻo e pili ana i nā CME a me nā kūlana makani lā. ʻO ka haʻawina helu helu mua (i paʻi ʻia i kēia manawa) o 446 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ʻano o ka lekiō IV i ʻike ʻia i ka pōʻai hope o ka lā 24 (e pili ana kēlā me kēia pōʻai i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kahua magnetic o ka Lā i kēlā me kēia 11 makahiki), ua ʻike ʻo ka hapa nui o ka Lekiō ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano IV. poe Ua hui pū ʻia nā pōhā me ka Coronal Mass Ejection (CMEs) a me nā haunaele i ke ʻano makani makani. 

E like me ke ʻano o ke anā o ka honua e pili ana i nā haunaele o ka makani, makahiki 'o ka makani 'ola' e pili ana i ka haunaele 'ana o ka makani. Akā ua pau ka like ma ʻaneʻi. ʻAʻole like me ka makani ma ka Honua i hana ʻia me ka ea me nā kinoea lewa e like me ka nitrogen, oxygen etc. ka lewa o ka lā ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau me ka ʻaoʻao o ka Honua.   

ʻO ka lā ke kumu nui o ka ikehu i ke ola ma ka Honua no laila mahalo ʻia i nā moʻomeheu he nui i mea hāʻawi i ke ola. Akā aia kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka makani o ka lā, ʻo ke kahe mau ʻana o nā ʻāpana uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (e like me ka plasma) e puka mai ana mai ka lewa lā e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola ma ka Honua. Mahalo i ke kahua mākēneki o ka Honua e hoʻohuli i ka hapa nui o ka makani lā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (mai ka Honua) a me ka lewa o ka Honua e hoʻopaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka pāhawewe i koe a no laila e pale ai i ka radiation ionizing. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ia mea - ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano ola olaola, hoʻoweliweli pū ka makani lā i ka uila a me ka ʻenehana i alakaʻi ʻia i ka nohona hou. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana uila a me ka lolouila, nā mana mana, nā ʻaila a me nā paipu kinoea, kelepona, kamaʻilio lekiō me nā pūnaewele kelepona paʻa, GPS, makahiki nā mikiona a me nā papahana, nā kamaʻilio ukali, ka pūnaewele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau mea āpau a hoʻopau ʻia e nā haunaele i ka makani lā.¹. Pilikia nā Astronauts a me nā mokulele mokulele. Nui nā manawa o kēia i ka wā i hala e laʻa, Malaki 1989 'Eleʻele ʻo Quebec' ma Kanada ma muli o ka nui o ka lapalapa o ka lā i hōʻino ʻia i ka mana mana. Ua poino kekahi mau ukali. No laila, pono e kiaʻi i nā kūlana o ka makani lā ma kahi kokoke i ka Honua - pehea kona mau hiʻohiʻona e like me ka wikiwiki a me ka nui. hanahana ka ikaika a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me nā pae ʻāpana ikaika (ʻo ia hoʻi, makahiki weather) e loaʻa ka hopena i nā ʻano ola a me ka nohona kanaka hou.  

E like me ka 'wānana weather', hiki ke 'makahiki e wānana ʻia ka wā? He aha ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka makani lā a me kona kūlana ma kahi kokoke i ka Honua? Hiki ke hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i loko makahiki ʻike mua ʻia ka wā e hana i nā hana pre-emptive e hōʻemi i ka hopena pōʻino ma ka Honua? A, no ke aha ke ʻano o ka makani lā?   

He poepoe ka la o ke kinoea elela wela a no laila, ʻaʻohe ona ili. Hana ʻia ka papa photosphere e like me ka ʻili o ka lā no ka mea ʻo ia ka mea hiki iā mākou ke nānā me ka mālamalama. ʻO nā ʻāpana ma lalo o ka photosphere i loko i ke kumu he opaque iā mākou. Hana ʻia ka lewa o ka lā i nā papa ma luna o ka ʻili kiʻi photosphere o ka lā. ʻO ia ka halo kinoea ʻalohi a puni ka Lā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana mai ka Honua i ka wā o ka pō o ka lā holoʻokoʻa, ʻehā mau ʻāpana o ka lewa: chromosphere, ʻāpana hoʻololi o ka lā, corona a me ka heliosphere.  

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka makani lā i loko o ka corona, ka papa ʻelua (mai waho) o ka lewa lā. ʻO Corona kahi papa o ka plasma wela loa. ʻOiai ʻo ka mahana o ka ili o ka Lā ma kahi o 6000K, ʻo ka awelika wela o ka corona ma kahi o 1-2 miliona K. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'Coronal Heating Paradox', ke ʻano a me nā kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke corona a me ka wikiwiki o ka makani lā i ka loa. kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki a me ka hoʻonui i loko waena honua makahiki ʻaʻole maopopo i kēia manawa, ² ʻoiai i loko o kahi pepa i hala iho nei, ua ʻimi nā mea noiʻi e hoʻoponopono i kēia ma ke ʻano o ka axion (ka hypothetical dark matter elementary particle) origin photons ³.  

I kekahi manawa, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o ka plasma wela mai ka corona i ka papa o waho o ka lewa lā (heliosphere). Kapa ʻia ʻo Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka ejections o ka plasma mai ka corona e hana i nā haunaele nui i ka wela o ka makani o ka lā, ka wikiwiki, ka nui a me ka nui. waena honua mākū mākia. Hoʻokumu kēia i nā ʻino magnetic ikaika ma ke kahua geomagnetic o ka Honua ⁴. ʻO ka hū ʻana o ka plasma mai ka corona e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o nā electrons a me ka wikiwiki o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻohua i nā nalu lekiō. ʻO ka hopena, pili pū ʻia ʻo Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) me nā pahū o nā hōʻailona lekiō mai ka Lā. ⁵. No laila, makahiki ʻO nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka wā e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka manawa a me ka ikaika o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka plasma mai ke corona i hui pū ʻia me nā puʻu o ka lā e pili ana i kahi lekiō Type IV e mau ana no ka lōʻihi (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 min.).    

Ua aʻo ʻia ka hanana ʻana o ka lekiō i nā pōʻai o ka lā ma mua (ʻo ka pōʻai manawa o ke kahua magnetic o Sun i kēlā me kēia 11 makahiki) e pili ana i nā Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) i aʻo ʻia i ka wā i hala.  

ʻO kekahi noiʻi helu helu lōʻihi e Anshu Kumari et al. o ke Kulanui o Helsinki ma nā lekiō i ʻike ʻia ma ka pōʻaiapuni o ka lā 24, e hoʻomālamalama hou aku i ka hui ʻana o nā lekiō lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pahū lekiō (i kapa ʻia ʻo type IV bursts) me CMEs. Ua ʻike ka hui e pili ana i ka 81% o nā ʻano ʻano IV i ukali ʻia e nā coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Ma kahi o 19% o ka pahū ʻano IV ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia me nā CME. Eia kekahi, ʻo 2.2% wale nō o nā CME i hele pū ʻia me nā ʻano lekiō IV ⁶.  

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka manawa o ke ʻano IV ka lōʻihi o ka wā pōkole a me nā CME i kahi ʻano hoʻonui e kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka manawa o ka wā e hiki mai ana. makahiki nā papahana e like me ia, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o kēia mau mea ma ia mau mikiona a i ka hopena i nā ʻano ola a me ka civilization ma ka Honua. 

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu/2102111 

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E hoʻomaopopo ':    

1. Keokeo SM., nd. Ka Lekiō Lā a me Space Lewa. Kulanui o Maryland. Loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma https://www.nrao.edu/astrores/gbsrbs/Pubs/AJP_07.pdf Loaʻa i ka 29 Jamaury 2021. 

2. Aschwanden MJ et al 2007. ʻO ka Coronal Heating Paradox. Ka Nupepa Astrophysical, Volume 659, Number 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/513070  

3. Rusov VD, Sharph IV, a me 2021. ʻO ka hoʻonā pilikia hoʻomehana Coronal ma o nā photons kumu axion. Physics of the Dark Universe Volume 31, January 2021, 100746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2020.100746  

4. ʻO Verma PL., et al 2014. ʻO Coronal Mass Ejections a me nā pilikia i nā ʻāpana Plasma Wind Solar e pili ana me nā ʻino Geomagnetic. Nūpepa o Physics: Conference Series 511 (2014) 012060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/511/1/012060   

5. ʻO Gopalswamy N., 2011. Ka Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Coronal Mass and Emissions Radio Solar. ʻIkepili ʻIke CDAW NASA. Loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications/gopal/gopal2011PlaneRadioEmi_book.pdf Loaʻa i ka 29 Ianuali 2021.  

6. ʻO Kumari A., Morosan DE., a me Kilpua EKJ., 2021. Ma ka hanana ʻana o ke ʻano o ka lekiō o ka lā ʻano IV ma ka pōʻai lā 24 a me kā lākou hui me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka nui o ka coronal. Published 11 January 2021. The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 906, Number 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc878  

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