COVID-19, Immunity & Honey: Nā holomua hou i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā waiwai lāʻau o Manuka Honey.

ʻO nā waiwai anti-viral o ka meli manuka ma muli o ke alo o ka methylglyoxal (MG), kahi mea glycating i kuhikuhi ʻia e arginine e hoʻololi i nā wahi i loaʻa i ka genome SARS-CoV-2, a laila e hoʻopilikia ana i kona hana hou ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, hōʻike pū ka meli manuka i nā waiwai anti-bacteria a me nā anti-cancer ikaika. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka meli manuka ke lilo i ambrosia e hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, me COVID-19 a laila e hoʻolaha ana i ke olakino.

I ke aniau o ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 i kēia manawa , ʻoiai ke loli nui nei ʻo SARS-CoV-2, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole e hopohopo nei, he mea kūpono paha ke ʻimi a hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai i hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana a kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i ka COVID-19 e hōʻemi i ka maʻi a me ka make, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke olakino.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻai ʻana i ka Vitamin C a me D e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana pale, ʻo ka meli, ʻoiai ka meli Mānuka (kahi meli monofloral i hana ʻia mai ka nectar o ka lāʻau mānuka, ʻo Leptospermum scoparium e nā nalo meli ʻEulopa ( Apis mellifera ) ua manaʻo ʻia he mau pono olakino ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi. E kālailai, nānā hou a loiloi kēia ʻatikala i nā hōʻike mai nā noiʻi hou e pili ana i ka meli manuka a me kona mau waiwai lapaʻau. Hana ʻia ka meli manuka mai nā pua o ka lāʻau manuka he kamaʻāina ia no Australia a me Aotearoa.

ʻO ka mea nui o ka meli manuka nona ke kuleana no kāna mau mea antibacterial a anti-viral, ʻo ia ka nui o ka methylglyoxal (MG). ʻOiai aia ʻo MG i nā ʻano meli a pau ma nā ʻano like ʻole, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa i ka meli manuka. Loaʻa ka MG kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka dihydroxyacetone i loaʻa i nā pua o ka lāʻau manuka ma kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka MG, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena antibiotic. Ua helu ʻia ka meli Manuka me ka helu helu i ʻike ʻia ʻo UMF (Unique Manuka Factor). ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka UMG, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai antibiotic o ka meli manuka a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kumukūʻai. 

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo MG, i loaʻa i ka nui o ka meli manuka, hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea glycating i kuhikuhi ʻia e arginine, no ka ʻawaʻawa koho i ka SARS-CoV-2 . Ua hōʻike ka loiloi moʻo o ka proteome SARS-CoV-2 i ke alo o ka hoʻonui ʻana o 5-fold o nā wahi hoʻololi methylglyoxal i loko o ka proteome SARS-CoV-2, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka host kanaka - e hōʻike ana i ka ʻawaʻawa koho o ka methylglyoxal i ka maʻi ⁽¹⁾ . Hiki i ka meli Manuka ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana hou ʻana o ka maʻi a kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi enveloped ⁽²⁾ . Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā hopena anti-viral a me immunomodulatory o ka meli manuka i ke alo o nā pūhui phenolic e hana ma ke ʻano he anti-oxidants ⁽³⁾ . ʻO ke alo o nā pūhui phenolic, flavonoids e like me quercetin e kāohi i ka 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine ​​protease, kahi enzyme e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke ola viral ⁽⁴⁾ , no laila e hōʻike ana i nā hopena anti-viral o ka meli manuka.

ʻO ka waiwai antibacterial o ka meli manuka mai ke alo o ka Hydrogen peroxide, ka pH haʻahaʻa a me ke kō kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻano i loaʻa ma nā ʻano meli ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena antibacterial o ka meli manuka ma ka hoʻemi nui ʻana i ke ola o nā cell MRSA i loko o kahi biofilm ⁽⁵⁾ . ʻO kēia ma muli o ka emi nui ʻana o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā genes e hoʻopili ana i ka laminin- ( eno ), elastin- ( ebps ) a me ka protein hoʻopaʻa fibrinogen ( fib ), a me icaA a me icaD, i komo i ka biosynthesis o ka polysaccharide intercellular adhesin i loko o nā ʻano palupalu a paʻa loa, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mana. Ua hōʻike pū ka meli Manuka i ka hana kūʻē iā Escherichia coli O157:H7 i loko o nā biofilms ⁽⁶⁾ a me ka hana bactericidal a me ka anti-spore e kūʻē iā Clostridioides difficile ⁽⁷⁾.

Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi ka meli manuka e hōʻike i ka hana anti-cancer. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka hiki o ka meli manuka ke hoʻoulu i ka apoptosis i loko o kahi laina cell cancer ma ka mālama ʻana i ka permeability kiʻekiʻe o ka hydrogen peroxide e kūʻē i nā ʻano oxygen reactive intracellular ⁽⁸⁾ . ʻO ka hopena antitumor o ka meli manuka ma muli o nā hopena inhibitory ma ka hōʻailona inflammatory a me oxidative stress a me ka pale ʻana i nā hana proliferation a me metastasis ⁽⁹⁾.

Me he mea lā ua lawa nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meli, ʻoiai ka meli manuka ke kōkua i ka poʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou palekana ma muli o nā waiwai anti-viral a me anti-bacterial i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke alo o MG. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka meli manuka ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola e kōkua pū i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa. He mea kūpono anei ke kuhi ʻana he panacea ka meli manuka no nā maʻi āpau e hōʻeha nei i ke kanaka? E hōʻike mai ka manawa a e waiho ka pane i nā loiloi o ka ʻikepili i hana ʻia mai nā haʻawina hou aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meli manuka. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa, ʻo ka meli manuka ka ambrosia e hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia no kona mau waiwai lāʻau lapaʻau e pale aku i ka nui o nā maʻi bacteria a me nā viral e like me COVID-19.

***

E hoʻomaopopo ' 

1. ʻO Al-Motawa, Maryam a me Abbas, Hafsa a me Wijten, Patrick a me Fuente, Alberto de la a me Xue, Mingzhan a me Rabbani, Naila a me Thornalley, Paul, Vulnerabilities o ka SARS-CoV-2 Virus i Proteotoxicity - Loaʻa no ka Repurposed Chemotherapy o COVID -19 Ka ma'i ma'i. Loaʻa ma SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3582068 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3582068 

2. Hossain K., Hossain M., et al., 2020. Nā manaʻo o ka meli i ka hakakā ʻana me COVID-19: nā ʻike lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki. Heliyon 6 (2020) e05798. Published: December 21, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05798 

3. Al-Hatamleh M., Hatmal H., et al., 2020. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytochemicals from Honey against COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions. Molecules 2020, 25(21), 5017. Published: 29 October 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215017 

4. Lima WG., Brito J., a me Nizer W., 2020. ʻO nā huahana bee ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā hoʻolālā therapeutic a chemoprophylaxis e kūʻē iā COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Noiʻi ʻo Phytotherapy. Hoʻopuka mua ʻia: 18 Kepakemapa 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6872 

5. Kot B., Sytykiewicz H., et al., 2020. Ka hopena o ka meli manuka ma ka hōʻike genes pili i ka biofilm i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. ʻAno. Nā Hōʻike ʻepekema Volume 10, Helu ʻatikala: 13552 (2020) Paʻi ʻia: 11 ʻAukake 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70666-y 

6. Kim S., a me Kang S., 2020. Anti-Biofilm Activities of Manuka Honey kū'ē iā Escherichia coli O157:H7. ʻEpekema Meaʻai o nā kumuwaiwai holoholona. 2020 Iulai; 40(4): 668–674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2020.e42 

7. Yu L., Palafox-Rosas R., et al., 2020. ʻO ka Bactericidal Activity and Spore Inhibition Effect of Manuka Honey against Clostridioides Difficile. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau 2020, 9(10), 684; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100684 

8. Martinotti S., Pellavio G., et al., 2020. Hoʻoulu ʻo Manuka Honey i ka Apoptosis o nā Pūnaewele Epithelial Cancer ma o Aquaporin-3 a me ka hōʻailona Calcium. Published: 27 ʻOkakopa 2020. Life 2020, 10(11), 256; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life10110256 

9. Talebi M., Talebi M., et al., 2020. Molecular mechanism-based therapeutic properties o ka meli. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Volume 130, ʻOkakopa 2020, 110590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110590 

***