Ma kahi holomua nui i ka robotics, ua hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia ka lopako me nā ʻiʻo like me ke kanaka no ka manawa mua. ʻO ia mau lopako palupalu hiki ke lilo i mea pōmaikaʻi no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā robots aloha kanaka i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO nā robots nā mīkini programmable i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana, ka laʻana ma ke ʻano o ka automation, ʻoi aku ka hana ʻana no ka mea ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e maikaʻi i nā hana hou e koi ai i ka ikaika a me ka mana. Robots e launa pū me ke ao kino ma o nā mea ʻike a me nā mea hana i loko o ia mau mea a hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia lākou e ʻoi aku ka pono a me ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā mīkini hana hoʻokahi. ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā ʻia ʻana o kēia mau robots e hana i ka hana he ʻoʻoleʻa loa kā lākou mau neʻe ʻana, i kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele, like me ka mīkini a kaumaha lākou, hoʻokau a ʻaʻole pono lākou inā makemake kekahi hana i ka nui o ka ikaika i nā manawa like ʻole. kiko. He pōʻino nō hoʻi nā robots i kekahi manawa a pono paha lākou i nā pā paʻa no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e makaʻala i ko lākou puni. Ke ʻimi nei ke kahua o ka robotics i nā ʻano aʻo like ʻole e hoʻolālā, kūkulu, papahana a hoʻohana pono i nā mīkini robotic i nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻenehana olakino me nā koi like ʻole.
Ma nā haʻawina māhoe hou i alakaʻi ʻia e Christoph Keplinger, ua kūpono ka poʻe noiʻi i nā robots me kahi papa ʻiʻo hou i like loa me ko mākou mau ʻiʻo kanaka a loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika a me ka naʻau e like me mākou. ʻO ka manaʻo nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea hou aku "maoli” nā neʻe i ka mīkini ʻo ia hoʻi nā robots. ʻO 99.9 pakeneka o nā robots a pau i kēia lā he mau mīkini paʻa i hana ʻia me ke kila a i ʻole metala, ʻoiai he palupalu ke kino ola akā he mau mana kupaianaha. Hiki ke hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau robots me nā ʻiʻo ʻoluʻolu a ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hana i nā hana maʻamau a paʻakikī (e hana ʻia e nā ʻiʻo kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā), no ka laʻana, ʻohi wale i kahi hua palupalu a waiho i kahi hua i loko o ka hīnaʻi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lopako kahiko, nā robots i hoʻokomo ʻia me 'nā ʻiʻo hana' e like ia me nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu o lākou iho a ʻoi aku ka palekana a laila hiki iā lākou ke hana maʻamau e hana kokoke i nā hana ma kahi kokoke o nā kānaka, e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau noi pili e pili ana a puni ke ola kanaka. Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā robots palupalu ma ke ʻano he 'collaborative' robots, no ka mea, e hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hoʻokō i kahi hana ma ke ʻano like me ke kanaka.
Ua hoʻāʻo nā mea noiʻi e hana i nā robots ʻiʻo palupalu. Pono kēlā robota i kahi palupalu 'oʻo ʻenehana e hoʻohālike i nā ʻiʻo o ke kanaka a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻelua mau ʻenehana e ka poʻe noiʻi - nā mea hana pneumatic a me nā mea hoʻokele dielectric elastomer. ʻO ka 'actuator' ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hana maoli e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka lopako, a i ʻole ka lopako e hōʻike i kahi neʻe. I loko o nā mea hana pneumatic, hoʻomoʻi ʻia kahi ʻeke palupalu me nā kinoea a i ʻole nā wai e hana i kahi neʻe. He hoʻolālā maʻalahi kēia akā ikaika nō naʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pamu a loaʻa iā lākou nā pūnāwai nui. ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻelua - hoʻohana nā mea hoʻokele dielectric elastomer i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kahua uila ma waena o kahi plastic insulating flexible e hoʻololi a no laila e hana i kahi neʻe. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa kēia mau ʻenehana ʻelua no lākou iho no ka mea i ka wā e hele ai ka uila i loko o ka plastic, pau ʻole kēia mau mea hana a no laila ʻaʻole kūpaʻa i ka pōʻino mechanical.
ʻoi aku "kanaka like” robots me nā ʻiʻo like
Ma nā haʻawina māhoe i hōʻike ʻia ma Science1 a Keʻike nā lopako2, ua lawe nā mea noiʻi i nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻenehana ʻiʻo palupalu ʻelua i loaʻa a hana i kahi mea hoʻokalakupua e like me ka ʻiʻo palupalu maʻalahi e hoʻohana ana i ka uila e hoʻololi i ka neʻe ʻana o nā wai i loko o nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi. Aia i loko o kēia mau ʻeke polymer maʻalahi kahi wai hoʻomake, e laʻana i ka aila maʻamau (ʻaila ʻaila a i ʻole ʻaila canola) mai ka hale kūʻai nui, a i ʻole kekahi wai like e hiki ke hoʻohana. I ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka volta ma waena o nā electrodes hydrogel i hoʻonoho ʻia ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ʻeke, ua huki ʻia nā ʻaoʻao i kekahi i kekahi, hiki mai ka ʻaila spasm, e ʻomi i ka wai i loko a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke. Hoʻokumu kēia haʻalulu i ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i ka ʻiʻo a ke ʻoki ʻia ka uila, hoʻomaha hou ka ʻaila, hoʻohālike i kahi ʻimi hoʻopunipuni hoʻomaha ʻiʻo. Hoʻololi ka mea hoʻokani i ke ʻano ma kēia ʻano, a ʻo ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mea hana ke hōʻike nei i kahi neʻe. No laila, ʻaelike a hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia 'ʻiʻo artificial' i nā milliseconds ma ke ʻano like a me ka pololei like a me ka ikaika o nā ʻiʻo iwi iwi maoli. Hiki i kēia mau neʻe ke paʻi i ka wikiwiki o nā ʻiʻo o ke kanaka no ka mea e kamaʻilio pū ana nā ʻiʻo kanaka me ka lolo e hoʻolohi ai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia. No laila, ma o kēia hoʻolālā, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana wai i loaʻa ka mana uila pololei e hōʻike ana i ka versatility a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe.
Ma ka haʻawina mua1 in Science, Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea hana i ke ʻano o kahi donut a ua loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki a me ka dexterity e ʻohi a paʻa i kahi raspberry ma o ka robotic gripper (a ʻaʻole e pahū i ka hua!). ʻO ka pōʻino hiki i hana ʻia e ka uwila i ka wā i hele ai i loko o ka wai insulating (kahi pilikia nui me nā mea hana i hana mua ʻia) i mālama ʻia i ka hoʻolālā o kēia manawa a ua hoʻōla ʻia a hoʻoponopono koke ʻia kekahi pōʻino uila e nā mea hou. ke kahe o ka wai i loko o ka ʻāpana 'pōʻino' ma o ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi o ka hāʻawi hou ʻana. Ua pili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea wai, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ma kahi o kahi papa insulating paʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻolālā mua he nui a ua pōʻino koke. Ma kēia kaʻina hana ua ola ka ʻiʻo artificial ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau pōʻaiapili. ʻO kēia mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka donut, hiki iā ia ke ʻohi i kahi raspberry. Pēlā nō, ma ka hana ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻeke elastic, ua hana nā mea noiʻi i kahi ākea o nā mea hana me nā neʻe kūʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi hua manu palupalu me ka pololei a me ka ikaika i koi ʻia. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻiʻo maʻalahi e like me "Hydraulically-amplified Self-healing Electrostatic" actuators, a i ʻole HASEL actuators.2 i paʻiʻia Pūnaewele Science, ua hana hou ka hui hoʻokahi i ʻelua mau hoʻolālā ʻiʻo palupalu ʻē aʻe i ʻaelike i ka laina, like loa me ka bicep kanaka, no laila hiki iā ia ke hāpai pinepine i nā mea i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī.
A ʻO ka manaʻo maʻamau, ʻoiai he mau mīkini nā robots no laila pono lākou e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma luna o ke kanaka, akā, i ka hiki ʻana i nā mana kupanaha i hāʻawi ʻia iā mākou e ko mākou mau ʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo he haʻahaʻa nā robots i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. He ikaika loa ka ʻiʻo kanaka a he nui ka mana o ko mākou lolo ma luna o ko mākou mau ʻiʻo. ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai i nā ʻiʻo kanaka ke hana i nā hana koʻikoʻi me ka pololei e laʻa me ke kākau ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine a hoʻomaha ko mākou mau ʻiʻo i ka wā e hana ai i kahi hana koʻikoʻi a ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana maoli mākou ma kahi o 65 pakeneka o ka hiki o ko mākou mau ʻiʻo a ua hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia kēia palena e ko mākou noʻonoʻo. Inā hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i kahi robot nona nā ʻiʻo palupalu e like me ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika a me ka hiki. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau haʻawina ma ke ʻano he hana mua e hoʻomohala i kahi mea hana i hiki i kekahi lā ke hoʻokō i nā mana nui o nā ʻiʻo olaola maoli.
ʻO Robotics maikaʻi ke kumu kūʻai
Wahi a nā mea kākau, ʻo nā mea e like me nā ʻeke polimer potato-chips, ka aila a me nā electrodes he mea kūʻai ʻole a hiki ke loaʻa ke kumu kūʻai i 0.9 USD (a i ʻole 10 keneta). He mea paipai kēia no nā ʻāpana hana ʻenehana i kēia manawa a no ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻike. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a kūpono me nā hana ʻoihana o kēia manawa a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia mau mea hana no kekahi mau noi e like me nā mea prosthetic, a i ʻole he hoa kanaka. He ʻano hoihoi loa kēia, ʻoiai ua hoʻohālikelike mau ʻia ka huaʻōlelo robotics me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi drawback e pili ana me ia ʻiʻo artificial ʻo ia ka nui o ka uila e pono ai no kāna hana a aia nō hoʻi nā manawa o ke ahi inā mālama ka robot i kona mana. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā lopako palupalu ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa lopako maʻamau e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hoʻolālā ʻana, no ka laʻana, hiki i ke kuʻi ʻana, nalowale ka mana a me ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka ʻaila. Pono kēia mau robots palupalu i kahi ʻano hoʻōla pilikino, e like me ka nui o nā robots palupalu i hana mua ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nā robots palupalu maikaʻi a paʻa i ke ola o ke kanaka no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i nā kānaka a hana pū me lākou e like me nā robots "collaborative" ma mua o nā robots e pani i ke kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o nā lima prosthetic kahiko, ʻoluʻolu a paʻakikī hoʻi. Ke hoʻohiki nei kēia mau haʻawina a inā hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke koi kiʻekiʻe o ka mana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā robots e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻolālā a pehea lākou e neʻe ai.
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Puna (s)
1. Acome et al. 2018. Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators me ka muscle-like hana. ʻepekema. 359(6371). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao6139
2. Kellaris et al. 2018. Peano-HASEL actuators: Muscle-mimetic, electrohydraulic transducers i laina laina ma ka ho'ā. Pūnaewele Science. 3(14). https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aar3276
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