Ua ʻike ʻo Study i kahi ala e hana ai i nā pila a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻoi aku ka paʻa, ikaika a palekana.
ʻO 2018 ka makahiki a ua hoʻoulu ʻia ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā e nā hāmeʻa like ʻole e holo nei ka lewa a i ʻole ma luna o nā pila. Ke ulu nui nei ko mākou hilinaʻi ʻana i nā hāmeʻa a me nā hāmeʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākaukau. A o na pu ki he mea ia e mālama ai i ka ikehu kemika i hoʻololi ʻia i uila. ʻO nā ʻanikini e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika liʻiliʻi me ka hopena e hana ana i nā electrons piha i ka ikehu e kahe ana ma o ka mea waho. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana i ka holomua ʻana, aia ke koi mau no ka ʻoi aku ka paʻa, ka mana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka palekana e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia.
He moʻolelo lōʻihi a hanohano nā pila. Ua hoʻohana mua ka ʻepekema ʻAmelika ʻo Benjamin Franklin i ka huaʻōlelo "battery" i ka makahiki 1749 i ka wā e hana ana i nā hoʻokolohua me ka uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā capacitors pili. Ua haku ʻo Alessandro Volta physicist Italia i ka pākaukau mua i ka makahiki 1800 i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā disc o ke keleawe (Cu) a me ka zinc (Zn) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka lole i hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka wai paʻakai. ʻO ka pākaukau lead-acid, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻenekini hoʻopaʻa hou ʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1859 a ke hoʻohana mau ʻia nei i nā polokalamu he nui a hiki i kēia lā me ka ʻenekini puhi ahi i loko o nā kaʻa.
Ua hele lōʻihi nā pākaukau a i kēia lā hiki mai lākou i nā ʻano nui mai nā nui Megawatt nui, no laila ma ke kumumanaʻo hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka mana mai nā māla lā a hoʻomālamalama i nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi a i ʻole hiki ke liʻiliʻi e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wati uila. , kupanaha ʻaʻole. I loko o kahi mea i kapa ʻia he pākaukau mua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hopena e hoʻohua ai i ke kahe o nā electrons a i ka wā e pau ai kekahi o kāna mau reactants e palahalaha a make paha. ʻO ka pākaukau maʻamau maʻamau ʻo ka zinc-carbon pākahiko. He pilikia nui kēia mau ʻokoʻa mua a ʻo ke ala wale nō e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ia mau ʻaʻa ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ala e hiki ai ke hoʻohana hou ʻia - ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka hana ʻana iā lākou i rechargeable. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻaʻa me ka mea hou ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi a no laila ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pila ikaika a ua lilo ia i mea hiki ʻole ke haʻi aku i ke kumu kūʻai nui e hoʻololi a hoʻopau iā lākou.
ʻO Nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd) ka mea mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka alkali ma ke ʻano he electrolyte. I ka makahiki 1989, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā pākahi hydrogen nickel-metal hydrogen (NiMH) i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma mua o nā pila NiCd. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau drawbacks, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka overcharging a me ka overheating kūikawā i ka wā i hoʻopaʻi ʻia ai e ʻōlelo i ko lākou helu kiʻekiʻe. No laila, pono lākou e hoʻopiʻi lohi a akahele e pale aku i nā pōʻino a koi ʻia nā manawa lōʻihi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā mea hoʻoili maʻalahi.
Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1980, ʻo nā pākahi Lithium-ion (LIBs) ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mea kūʻai aku. uila nā mea hana i kēia lā. ʻO Lithium kekahi o nā mea māmā loa a loaʻa iā ia kekahi o nā mana electrochemical nui loa, no laila ua kūpono kēia hui ʻana no ka hana ʻana i nā pā. I nā LIB, neʻe nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes like ʻole ma o kahi electrolyte i hana ʻia me ka paʻakai a ke aloha nā mea hoʻoheheʻe (ma ka hapa nui o nā LIB kuʻuna). ʻO ka manaʻo, ʻo ka metala lithium ka metala maikaʻi loa me ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa a ʻo ia ke koho maikaʻi loa no nā pā. Ke emi nei nā LIB i ka hoʻouka hou ʻana, lilo ka lithium ion i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka metala lithium. No laila, ʻo nā LIB ka mea kaulana loa e hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano mea lawe lima no ko lākou ola lōʻihi a me ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokahi pilikia nui ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi ka electrolyte, e hoʻopōkole i ka pākaukau a hiki ke lilo i mea pōʻino ahi. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻaʻole paʻa a maikaʻi ʻole nā LIB i ka wā e lilo ai nā lithium dispositions i mea like ʻole. He haʻahaʻa hoʻi nā LIB a me nā uku hoʻokuʻu a me nā hopohopo palekana e hiki ʻole ai iā lākou no nā mīkini mana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo LIB e hōʻike i ka mana maikaʻi a me nā uku paʻa i nā manawa kakaikahi.
No laila, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā mea a pau i ka honua o nā pila e like me nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hōʻailona ʻia ka nui o nā ʻaniani he mea palekana no ka mea e puhi lākou i ke ahi, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole pono. Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe ʻepekema ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia, ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a ma ka manawa like ʻoi aku ka ikaika. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kēia ma ke ʻano he nui nā koho i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema, akā ʻo ke kūpaʻa a me ka scalability ka mea e pale ai i ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina. Ua hōʻike ʻo Polymer electrolytes i ka mana nui no ka mea ʻaʻole paʻa wale nō akā hiki ke maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka pilikia nui me ia polymer electrolytes ʻo kā lākou conductivity maikaʻi ʻole a me nā waiwai mechanical.
Ma kahi noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia ma ACS Nā leka Nano, nā mea noiʻi Ua hōʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka palekana o ka pākaukau a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nanowires iā ia, e hoʻonui ai i ka pākaukau. Ua kūkulu kēia hui o nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Kina i kā lākou noiʻi mua kahi i hana ai lākou i nā nanowires magnesium borate e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me ka conductivity. Ma ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa ua nānā lākou inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia no nā pila inā pēlā nanowires ua hoʻohui ʻia i kahi solid-state polymer electrolyte. Ua hui pū ʻia ka electrolyte solid-state me 5, 10, 15 a me 20 paona o nā nanowires magnesium borate. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻonui nā nanowires i ka conductivity o ka solid-state polymer electrolyte i ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā pila ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā nanowires ma mua. ʻO kēia hoʻonui i ka conductivity ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā ion e hele a neʻe i ka electrolyte a me ka wikiwiki loa. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho holoʻokoʻa e like me kahi pākaukau akā me nā nanowires i hoʻohui ʻia. Ua hōʻike kēia i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a hoʻonui i nā pōʻai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pā maʻamau. Ua hana ʻia kekahi hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi o ka inflammability a ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i wela ka pā. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia nā polokalamu kelepona i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia mau lā e like me nā kelepona paʻa lima a me nā laptops me ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa paʻa loa. Hoʻonui aʻe kēia i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a hiki ke mālama ʻia no ia mau mea ma muli o ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā pihi e pono ai. Akā, ʻoiai ua hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia nā noi nui o nā pākaukau, palekana, kūpaʻa a me ka mana ke manaʻo nui.
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{Hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i ka pepa noiʻi kumu ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka loulou DOI i hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo nei ma ka papa inoa o nā kumu i ʻōlelo ʻia}
Puna (s)
Sheng O et al. 2018. Mg2B2O5 Nanowire i ho'ā 'ia Multifunctional Solid-State Electrolytes me High Ionic Conductivity, maikai Mechanical waiwai, a me ke ahi-Retardant hana. Nā leka Nano. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00659
