Ua hoʻolālā nā mea ʻenekinia i kahi semiconductor i hana ʻia e kahi mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hōʻike ma nā mea uila i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ke nānā nei nā ʻenekinia ma nā ʻoihana nui e hoʻolālā i kahi pale hōʻike hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a maʻalahi no ka uila manao ona e like me nā kamepiula a me nā kelepona paʻalima. ʻO ka pahuhopu he pale hōʻike e manaʻo ʻia e like me ka pepa ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia akā hana pū kekahi me ka uila. ʻO Samsung, kekahi o nā mea hana kelepona paʻalima nui loa ma ka honua, e hoʻomaka koke ana i kahi kelepona paʻa maʻalahi. Ua hoʻomohala lākou i kahi maʻalahi ke aloha ʻO ka panel kukui emitting diode (OLED) nona kahi ʻili hiki ʻole ke haki. He māmā akā paʻakikī a paʻa a hiki ke kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona kamahaʻo ʻaʻole e haki a pōʻino paha kēia hōʻike inā hāʻule ka hāmeʻa - ʻo ka paʻakikī nui loa e kū nei i kēia lā e nā mea hoʻolālā kelepona kelepona. Hoʻomau ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi pale LCD maʻamau i ka wā e piʻo ai akā ʻo ka wai o loko e hele hewa ʻole a no laila ke hōʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻino. Hiki ke kūlou a ʻāwili ʻia ka pale OLED hou me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hōʻike, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻalahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nanowires maʻalahi i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka quantum dot light emitting diode ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nano-crystals e hana i nā kukui ʻoi kiʻekiʻe. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hōʻike i loko o ke aniani a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka pale.
He mea hou no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pale maʻalahi
Ma kahi noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia ma pae holomua Lālā Nā Pono ʻO nā mea ʻenekinia mai The Australian National University (ANU) no ka manawa mua i hoʻomohala i kahi semiconductor i hana ʻia mai ke aloha a me na mea anoano e hoololi pono i ka uila i malamalama. ʻO kēia semiconductor he ultra-thin a maʻalahi loa e hana ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ke aloha ʻāpana o ka hāmeʻa, he hapa nui o ka semiconductor ka mānoanoa o hoʻokahi atom wale nō. He ʻuʻuku nō hoʻi ka ʻāpana inorganic, ma kahi o ʻelua mau ʻātoma ka mānoanoa. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka mea ma ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo 'chemical vapor deposition', e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā 3-dimensional mai kahi wehewehe 2D. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka semiconductor me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, hoʻomaha ia ma waena o nā electrodes gula ma kahi pahu o ka nui 1cm x 1cm me kahi transistor hana. Hiki i kekahi o ia mau puʻupuʻu ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kaukani transistor circuit. ʻO ka electrode ka mea hoʻokomo uila a me ka helu puka. I ka manawa i kūkulu ʻia ai ka opto-electronic a me nā waiwai uila o ka mea. ʻO kēia ʻano hybrid o ke aloha a me nā ʻāpana anorganic e hoʻololi i ka uila i mālamalama a laila hāʻawi i ka hōʻike ma nā kelepona paʻalima, televise a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka māmā a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā hōʻike kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēlā ʻano mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia - laʻana nā kelepona paʻa. He mea maʻamau ka pōʻino o ka pale a i ʻole hōʻike i nā kelepona paʻalima a hiki i kēia mea ke hoʻopakele. Me ka kaulana a me ke koi ʻana o nā kelepona akamai me nā pale nui e ulu ana, ʻo ka pono o ka hola e loaʻa i ka lōʻihi i ʻole e maʻalahi ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā hāʻule a hāʻule paha a pēlā aku. hana ʻia me ke kilika. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pale no nā kelepona paʻalima, kīwī, nā ʻoliʻoli kikohoʻe etc. Ke hana nei nā mea noiʻi i ka hana ʻana i kēia semiconductor ma kahi ʻano nui i hiki ke kūʻai ʻia.
Ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōpala uila
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo 2018 ka huina o kahi kokoke i 50 miliona mau tona o ka ʻōpala uila (e-waste) a ʻo ka nui liʻiliʻi e hana hou ʻia. ʻO ka E-waste nā mea uila a me nā lako i hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou ola a pono e hoʻolei ʻia e like me nā kamepiula kahiko, ke keʻena a i ʻole nā mea leʻaleʻa uila, kelepona paʻalima, televise a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. a ua paʻa ʻo ia e hoʻopōʻino hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kā mākou waiwai kūlohelohe a me nā mea e puni ana. He wahi hoʻomaka kēia ʻike no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā mea uila e hōʻike ana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe akā i hana ʻia mai ke aloha mea 'bio'. Inā hana ʻia nā kelepona paʻa i kahi mea maʻalahi e maʻalahi ke hana hou. E hōʻemi kēia i ka e-waste i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
E hauʻoli loa ana ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻopili a maʻalahi. Ke noʻonoʻo nei nā ʻenekinia i nā hōʻike ʻōwili i hiki ke ʻōwili ʻia nā mea like me ka ʻōwili. ʻO ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe loa o ka pale hōʻike ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke pelu, ʻōwili a ʻokiʻoki paha e like me ka pepa akā hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi maʻemaʻe. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea 'auxtetic' e mānoanoa i ka wā e kikoo ʻia a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hopena ikehu kiʻekiʻe a hoʻoponopono hou iā ʻoe iho e hoʻoponopono i nā kuhi hewa. ʻO ia mau mea hana he māmā akā hiki ke maʻalahi.
***
Puna (s)
Sharma A et al. 2018. Efficient and Layer-Dependent Exciton Pumping ma waena o Atomically Thin Organic–Inorganic Type‐I Heterostructures. pae holomua Lālā Nā Pono. 30(40).
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803986
***
