I loko o kahi noiʻi hou, ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi no ka manawa mua i kahi ʻōnaehana nanorobotic autonomous no ka huli pono ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.
I ka holomua nui i ka nanomedicine, ke kahua e hui pū ai i ka nanotechnology me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi i nā ala hou o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nanoparticles liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (mīkini a i ʻole robots kokoke i ka microscopic scale o kahi nanometer 10-9m) i pahu hopu Ka maʻi 'aʻai, i loko o kēia haʻawina kupaianaha i paʻi ʻia ma ʻO Nature Biotechnology.
DNA origami nanobot: ka mea lawe kilokilo
DNA ʻO ka origami kahi kaʻina hana i pelu ʻia ai ka DNA ma kahi pae nanoscale a hoʻohana ʻia e kūkulu i nā hale hana ma nā unahi liʻiliʻi loa (ʻo ka origami e like me ke ʻano o ka pelupe pepa). ʻO ka DNA kahi mālama nui o ka ʻike a no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hale i kūkulu ʻia mai loko mai e like me nā mea lawe ʻike. Ma ka laina me kēia hiki, hiki i kēia mau DNA nanoparticles (a i ʻole 'DNA nanorobots' a i ʻole 'nanorobots' a i ʻole 'nanobots' wale nō) hiki ke neʻe a hāpai i ka ukana ma nā unahi liʻiliʻi no nā hana kikoʻī i loko o ke kino kanaka a no laila ua kūpono i nā mea he nui. nanorobotic nā noi. ʻO ka nui o ia nanobot he 1000 mau manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lauoho kanaka. Ua piha kēia kahua o nā nanorobotics i ka hauʻoli no nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala aku nei a ua nui ka poʻe loea i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hale nanoscale e pili ana i ka DNA e hiki ke hoʻopili iā lākou iho i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui e hoʻololi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ka ʻenehana Nanorobot a ua hoʻololi hou i nā kahua e like me ke kiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hana, nā mea ʻike, nā ʻōnaehana ikehu a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa i nā nanobots nā pōmaikaʻi nui no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hana i nā hana ʻino, ʻaʻohe hopena ʻaoʻao a he kikoʻī loa i kahi pūnaewele i loko o ke kino e huli ai lākou a hana. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā nanorobots he kiʻekiʻe paha akā ʻo ka hana ʻana ke hana ʻia e ke ʻano hana maʻamau o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hui e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai i kahi nui. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokomo maʻalahi ʻia kahi nanorobot liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino a lana maʻalahi i ke koko (ka ʻōnaehana circulatory) a kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia a me ka mālama ʻana iā lākou. Ua loaʻa i nā Nanobots ke koʻikoʻi nui i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea ʻeha ʻole o ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi loa a kau i kahi kaumaha pilikino a me ke kālā i ka mea maʻi. ʻAʻole ʻo Chemotherapy ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, akā ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā maʻi kanesa, waiho ke kaʻina hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a puni ke kino. ʻAʻole naʻe i hiki i ka ʻepekema ke ʻimi i kahi ala hou no ka chemotherapy no ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi weliweli i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi kanesa. Hiki i nā Nanobots ke hoʻololi i kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana ma o ka lilo ʻana i mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka naʻauao a me ka manaʻo e hoʻouka i ka maʻi kanesa.
Huli i ka maʻi kanesa
Ma kēia noiʻi hou ʻana, he hui pū ʻana ma waena o Arizona State University, USA, a me National Center for Nano ʻepekema a me ʻenehana o ka Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ua hoʻolālā maikaʻi ka poʻe noiʻi, kūkulu a mālama pono i nā nanobots automated e ʻimi ikaika a hoʻopau pololei i nā maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi i loko o ke kino - ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hōʻino i kekahi o nā keena olakino. Ua lanakila lākou i kekahi mau pilikia i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā ʻepekema nano no ʻelua mau makahiki, ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā maʻalahi a pololei loa e ʻimi a luku i ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻo ia ka ʻoki pono ʻana i ka hāʻawi koko i loko o kahi pūnāwai maʻi ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka coagulation koko i loko o ka cell tumor me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nanobots i hoʻokumu ʻia DNA. No laila, noʻonoʻo lākou i kahi mea maʻalahi - e hoʻopili i kahi enzyme hoʻopaʻa koko kī (i kapa ʻia ʻo Thrombin) i ka ʻili o ka palahalaha, nanoscaled DNA origami nanobot. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi awelika ʻehā mau molekala o Thrombin i ka ʻili palahalaha o ka DNA ʻO ka pepa origami o ka nui 90nm me 60nm. Ua pelu ʻia kēia ʻāpana palahalaha e like me ka ʻāpana pepa e hana ana i nā nanobots i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o kahi paipu puka. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau nanobots i loko o ka ʻiole (i hoʻoulu ʻia me ka ulu ikaika ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai), hele lākou a puni ke kahe koko a hiki i kāna pahuhopu - nā ʻōpū. i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha e hānai ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, e hoʻohua ai i ka luku ʻana o ka ʻiʻo maʻi a i ʻole ka make cell. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke hana wikiwiki loa a hoʻopuni nā nanobots i ka ʻōpū i loko o nā hola o ka injection. ʻO nā hōʻike o ka thrombosis kiʻekiʻe, i loko o nā ʻōpū a pau i ʻike ʻia ma hope o 36 mau hola o ka injection.
Eia kekahi, ua mālama pū nā mea kākau i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi uku kūikawā ma ka ʻili o ka nanobot (i kapa ʻia he DNA aptamer) e kuhikuhi pono i kahi protein, i kapa ʻia ʻo nucleolin, i hana ʻia i nā helu kiʻekiʻe wale nō ma ka ʻili o nā cell tumor, no laila e hōʻemi ai. ʻAʻole i hōʻemi a pepehi wale kēia mau nanobots i nā cell tumor akā pale pū kekahi i ka metastasis - ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ma kahi mamao.
Ka palekana a me ka pono
Hoʻomaopopo nā mea kākau i ka palekana a me ka immunologically inert no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻiole a me nā puaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nanobots i hōʻike ʻole i nā loli i ka coagulation koko maʻamau ma kahi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka hale cell a i ʻole kekahi breechinto ka lolo. No laila, ua koho ʻia lākou he palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka huli ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōpū me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻaoʻao makemake ʻole. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā nanobots e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia mai ke kino ma hope o 24 mau hola. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā nanobots i kahi 'model nanobots' hoʻohālikelike ʻia, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai e like me ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau kope a ua hana pono ʻia nā nanobots ʻē aʻe, ua maopopo ke hoʻohana ʻia kēlā ʻano hana i nā kūlana kūikawā. . E like me ka mea e pili ana i ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he foolproof kill-switchalso pono e ma kahi i mea e mālama i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi ma bay.Legal mana pono e noonoo hooponopono e pale aku i kekahi misuse o nanobots i ka laau lapaau, no ka laʻana weaponized nanobots. ʻO nā kumu āpau ke kaupaona ʻia, ʻo ka maikaʻi o nā nanobots e lawe mai iā mākou i kahi mea hiki ʻole ke nānā ʻia a nānā i kā lākou mau nanobots hiki ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi ala like ma luna o nā kānaka e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kākau ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana ma kahi kumu hoʻohālike mua o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai mua - e hoʻohālike ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi o ke kanaka. Ka maʻi 'aʻai nā maʻi - a hōʻike i ka regression o ka maʻi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ʻelua pule. Eia kekahi, ua mālama ʻia kēia mau haʻawina ma luna o nā ʻiole, a i loko o ʻelua pule i ʻike ʻia ka hopena like ʻole i nā maʻi maʻi umauma, melanoma, ovarian a me ka maʻi kanesa i ʻike ʻia i nā holoholona. Pono e hana ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i loko o ke kanaka e hōʻoia i ka plausibility o nā hopena like a pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ikaika no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka like.
ʻO kahi ala akamai loa a i kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻouka i ka maʻi kanesa
ʻO kekahi o nā luʻi nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka pololei ma waena o nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā pūnaewele kino maʻamau. ʻO ke ala maʻamau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā cell tumor - ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation therapy - ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā cell tumor me ka ʻole o ka launa pū ʻana me nā cell kino maʻamau. No laila, ʻo ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation therapy ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui, e komo pū ana i ka pōʻino o ke kino e hopena ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa a no laila haʻahaʻa ke ola ma waena o nā maʻi. ʻO nā nanobots e like me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka mea mua o kāna ʻano i nā mammals i ikaika loa a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i nā cell tumor a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ko lākou ulu a me ka hoʻonui. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana robotic DNA no ka lāʻau maʻi maʻi maʻi pololei a i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā ʻano maʻi maʻi he nui, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kanu paʻa paʻa e hānai ana i nā kīʻaha koko.
Ua hoʻomākaukau kēia noiʻi i ke ala no ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻomaka i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hoʻonā lapaʻau kūpono me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holomua ʻenehana. ʻO ka pahuhopu hope loa o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi paʻa, me ka ʻole o nā hopena koʻikoʻi a me nā metastasis hōʻemi. Ke nānā nei mākou i kēia haʻawina, ʻike mākou i ka manaʻolana nui no ka wā e hiki mai ana kahi kūpono o kēia hoʻolālā o kēia manawa no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pahuhopu hope loa e hoʻoponopono i ka maʻi kanesa. A ʻaʻole wale i ka maʻi kanesa, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia kēia hoʻolālā ma ke ʻano he kahua lawe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui no ka mea ʻo ke ala e hoʻololi wale i ke ʻano o nā nanobots a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ukana ukana. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā nanobots ke kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo hou i ka paʻakikī o ke kino kanaka a me ka lolo. E kōkua nō hoʻi kēia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki ʻeha ʻole a me ka non-invasive, ʻoiai nā mea paʻakikī. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻōlelo kākou i ʻelua mau makahiki mai kēia manawa, hiki i ka hoʻokahi injection o kahi nanobot ke hoʻōla loa i nā maʻi.
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Puna (s)
Li S et al 2018. Hana ʻia kahi DNA nanorobot ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi i ka pane ʻana i kahi hoʻomaka molecular in vivo. ʻO Nature Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4071
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